Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2 Questions and Answers

Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2 Questions and Answers


Question 1.
Gram negative gram positive bacteria.

Correct Answer: have _____________ when compared to a more complex cell wall


Question 2.
Gram positive bacteria ples:

Correct Answer: (less complex cell walls) exam- Staphylococcus (S. aeureus)
Streptococcus (S. pyo-genes & -G A strep) Enterococcus pneumo-coccus (S.
pneumonia)


Question 3.
Gram negatieve examples:

Correct Answer: bacteria (more complex cell walls) N. gonorrhae N.
meningitides M. catarrhalis- otitis me-dia, sinusitis


Question 4.
Enterobacteria

Correct Answer: examples: E. coli- gastroenteritis Salmonella- gastorenteri-tis
K. pneumonia- UTI P. mirabilis- UTI


Question 5.
What are some terial infection?

Correct Answer: signs and symptoms indicating a bac- (Generally
speaking)-fever > 102, lym-phadenopathy, swelling, pain


Question 6.
RED FLAGS that

Correct Answer: indicate a serious bacterial infection: -loss of appetite with
fever, dehydration symp-toms, absence of fever (especially in DM)


Question 7.
Gram-_____ bacteria deep violet on a

Correct Answer: retain staining dye and appear Positive slide.


Question 8.
Gram-______ bacteria red on a slide.

Correct Answer: DO NOT retain dye and appear Negative

,Question 9.
Gram positive cell

Correct Answer: walls are _____ in lipids. low


Question 10.
Gram negative

Correct Answer: cell walls are ____ in lipids. high.... therefore they have more
complex cell walls that DO NO retain the stain = red


Question 11.
Bacteria can mutate

Correct Answer: 3 ways: 1. Transduction = DNA containing virus infects bacteria
-> provides resis-tance 2. Transformation = trans-fer of "free DNA" into
bac-teria 3. Conjugation = transfer of DNA during mating


Question 12.
Anti-infectives can

Correct Answer: be bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal. STATIC = inhibits growth
CIDAL = Kills bacteria


Question 13.
Bacteriostatic mechanisms

Correct Answer: of action and examples: 1. Inhibition of cell synthe-sis
>B-lactam anti-invectives (PCN, cephalosporins, cephamycins, carbapen-ems,
monobactams) Van-comycin, Antifungals, Bac-itracin 2. Effect ribosomal sub-
units/inhibit protein syn-thesis >tetracycline, ery-thromycin, clindamycin,
chloramphenicol


Question 14.
Bacteriocidal mechanism

Correct Answer: of action and examples: 1. Direct action on cell
membrane/alters perme-ability/leakage of cell con-tents >Polymyxin and
Nystatin 2. Binding of ribo-some subunits/alters pro-tein synthesis/cell death
>Aminoglycosides 3. Change in nucleic acid metabolism >Rifampin, Quinolones,
Metronidazole 4. Block metabolic steps >Sulfonamides, Trimetho-prim


Question 15.
Most frequent anti-invectives

Correct Answer: cause allergic reactions? Penicillins and Sulfon-amides


Question 16.
When using Aminoglycosides, tion is critical?

,Correct Answer: monitoring ______ func-renal/kidney -calculate creatinine
clear-ance -reduce dose if impaired


Question 17.
Impetigo is usually of treatment is

Correct Answer: caused by _____ and the first choice S. aureus group A strep
_____. oral dicloxacillin


Question 18.
Cellulitis is usually treatment is _____.

Correct Answer: caused by _____ and the first line Group A strep Bactrim DS
25-500 BID TMP/SMX (Trimetho-prim/sulfamethoxazole)


Question 19.
For animal bites line treatment is:

Correct Answer: such as cat, dog, or human, the first Augmentin
(amoxi-cillin/clavulanate)


Question 20.
Otitis media is usual of treatment is

Correct Answer: caused by _____ and the first line S. pneumonia, H. influen- _____.
zas, M.catarrhalis, group A strep, Enterobaceriaceae -tx for first 10 days,
Amoxicillin IF no ABX with-in the last month -Augmentin, Cefdinir,
Cef-podoxime, Cefprozil, Ce-furoxime if ABX within month


Question 21.
Sinusitis is usual treatment is _____.

Correct Answer: caused by _____ and the first line of S. pneumonia, H.
influen-zas, M. catarrhalis -Amoxicillin, Amicl, Cef-dinir, Cefpodoxime for 10days
Bacterial infection = Prolonged symptoms (>10-14 days) fever >102, unilateral
pain, tooth pain


Question 22.
Pharyngitis is caused includes_____.

Correct Answer: by ____ and typical treatment Classic infection of group AB
hemolytic strep -throat culture necessary -no cough -PCN 1st line of treatment
alternate = cephalosporin, erythromycin


Question 23.
Acute bronchitis is treated with _______.

Correct Answer: is ______ caused typically by _____ and Usual VIRAL by M.
pneu-monia, Chlamydia pneu-monia, Bordetalla pertus-sis -if no improvement in
10-14 days, use Macrolide

, Question 24.
CAP (community

Correct Answer: acquired pneumonia)... Different organisms for different ages...
-treatment for 10-14 days


Question 25.
What are the four

Correct Answer: antibiotics likely to cause C. diff? Ampicillin, Amoxicillin,
Cephalosporin, Clin-damycin -treatment with Metron-idazole (Flagyl) 500mg TID
x 10 days


Question 26.
Diverticulitis is usual line of treatment

Correct Answer: caused by _______ and the first Enterobacterium, P. aeu-is _____.
ruginusa, Bacteroides, Enterococci -Bactrim (TMP/SMX), Cipro, Metronidazole
(Flagyl) until afebrile x 3 days -Broad spectrum with anaerobic activity


Question 27.
UTI / pyelonephritis first line of treatment

Correct Answer: is usual caused by _____ and the E. coli, S. saphrophyticus, is
_____. Enterococci -Bactrim (TMP/SMX), Flu-oroquinolone if still symp-tomatic
>Pyelonephritis - Fluoro-quinolone


Question 28.
Typical UTI treatment

Correct Answer: is _____. Macrobid because it is ef-fective against gram posi-tive
and gram negative but you must take it for 7 days.


Question 29.
Which antibiotics UTIs?

Correct Answer: are contraindicated in pregnancy for Fluoroquinolones (also <
18 years) Ciprofloxacin


Question 30.
-3 culture infections -2 UTIs in 6 months >Nightly dosing a) Nitrofurantoin/Macrobid b)
Cephalexin 250mg c) Bactrim (TMX/SMX)

Correct Answer: in 1 year Recurrent UTIs with 100mg or


Question 31.
<35 yrs: consider >35 yrs: consider First line of treatment month Chronic prostatitis
duration of treatment