NHS 111 EXAM 1 PART 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NHS
111 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
What do you do when there are 3 not sure answers? - ANS ✔✔Clinical transfer
When do you ask the pregnancy question in Pathways? - ANS ✔✔abdo pain ages 11-55
Give the ages for neonate, infant, toddler, child and adult - ANS ✔✔Neo - <1hr, infant - 1hr-12m, toddler
- 1-5yr, child - 5-16yr, adult - 16+yr
What is the number 1 priority of an assessment? - ANS ✔✔See whether life threatening
What does "ABC" stand for when you're doing the patient assessment? - ANS ✔✔airway, breathing,
circulation
Describe the ABCs - ANS ✔✔A - clear airway through which air containing O2 can enter
B - air entering lungs allow O2 in to blood
C - pumping heart and enough blood to carry O2 to body
Give some examples of when something would be blocking airway passage - ANS ✔✔choking, asthma
attack, unconscious (tongue flop back)
Define unconscious - ANS ✔✔A person who stops breathing - no chest movement, no sounds, pale skin
What is shock? - ANS ✔✔A life-threatening medical condition whereby the body suffers from insufficient
blood flow throughout the body as a result of severe injury or illness
Give some symptoms of shock - ANS ✔✔weak and unable to stand, collapsed or unconscious, cold
clammy skin, sweating when NS stimulates sweat glands, pale inside mouth
Causes of shock - ANS ✔✔excessive bleeding, heart attack, severe infections, low blood sugar, loss of
fluids
For every minute CPR is delayed what % decrease in life expectancy - ANS ✔✔10%
What is agonal breathing? - ANS ✔✔gasping or snoring noises
What are spasms? - ANS ✔✔involuntary muscle contractions - can mistake for consciousness
What are the 4 stages in the chain of survival - ANS ✔✔1 - early recognition and call for help, 2 - early
bystander CPR, 3 - early defibrillation, 4 - advanced life support and post resus care
What are the main causes of illness - ANS ✔✔viral and bacterial
What is haemophillia and what does it cause - ANS ✔✔a faulty gene disorder - blood clotting disorder
, Define a penetrating and a blunt injury - ANS ✔✔penetrating - visible bleeding, increased risk of
infection
blunt - internal damage, no blood
What component is used in blood clotting - ANS ✔✔Platelets
Describe the process of blood clotting - ANS ✔✔platelets, chemical proteins causes platelets to be sticky
so they combine with other substances to form a clot - turns to a scab to stop stuff entering
What is given to those who's blood clots easily - ANS ✔✔anti-coagulants
What is caused when tissues are injured - ANS ✔✔inflammation
what causes swelling? - ANS ✔✔chemicals are released by damaged tissue causing blood vessels to leak
fluid causing swelling
what is histamine? - ANS ✔✔a compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic
and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.
When does a fever occur? - ANS ✔✔when the body's thermostat inside the brain raises above 37
degrees
what is a rigor? - ANS ✔✔Sudden feeling of cold along with chills and sweating, but high temperature
remains
What do antibiotic treat? - ANS ✔✔bacterial infections - not human cells or viruses
What must you ensure with antibiotics - ANS ✔✔finish the full course as it may lead to resistance
What is shaken baby syndrome? - ANS ✔✔A serious brain injury resulting from forcefully shaking an
infant or toddler.
What are the symptoms of shaken baby syndrome? - ANS ✔✔Difficulty Staying Awake
Body Tremors
Difficulty Breathing
Poor Eating or Feeding
Vomiting
Discoloured Skin
Seizures
Coma
Paralysis
3 signs of frailty - ANS ✔✔Fatigue, reduced activity, weight loss
5 risk factors of frailty - ANS ✔✔fall downstairs or less than 1m, 3 or more different injuries, non stop
neck pain, not responding normally, bleeding risks
111 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
What do you do when there are 3 not sure answers? - ANS ✔✔Clinical transfer
When do you ask the pregnancy question in Pathways? - ANS ✔✔abdo pain ages 11-55
Give the ages for neonate, infant, toddler, child and adult - ANS ✔✔Neo - <1hr, infant - 1hr-12m, toddler
- 1-5yr, child - 5-16yr, adult - 16+yr
What is the number 1 priority of an assessment? - ANS ✔✔See whether life threatening
What does "ABC" stand for when you're doing the patient assessment? - ANS ✔✔airway, breathing,
circulation
Describe the ABCs - ANS ✔✔A - clear airway through which air containing O2 can enter
B - air entering lungs allow O2 in to blood
C - pumping heart and enough blood to carry O2 to body
Give some examples of when something would be blocking airway passage - ANS ✔✔choking, asthma
attack, unconscious (tongue flop back)
Define unconscious - ANS ✔✔A person who stops breathing - no chest movement, no sounds, pale skin
What is shock? - ANS ✔✔A life-threatening medical condition whereby the body suffers from insufficient
blood flow throughout the body as a result of severe injury or illness
Give some symptoms of shock - ANS ✔✔weak and unable to stand, collapsed or unconscious, cold
clammy skin, sweating when NS stimulates sweat glands, pale inside mouth
Causes of shock - ANS ✔✔excessive bleeding, heart attack, severe infections, low blood sugar, loss of
fluids
For every minute CPR is delayed what % decrease in life expectancy - ANS ✔✔10%
What is agonal breathing? - ANS ✔✔gasping or snoring noises
What are spasms? - ANS ✔✔involuntary muscle contractions - can mistake for consciousness
What are the 4 stages in the chain of survival - ANS ✔✔1 - early recognition and call for help, 2 - early
bystander CPR, 3 - early defibrillation, 4 - advanced life support and post resus care
What are the main causes of illness - ANS ✔✔viral and bacterial
What is haemophillia and what does it cause - ANS ✔✔a faulty gene disorder - blood clotting disorder
, Define a penetrating and a blunt injury - ANS ✔✔penetrating - visible bleeding, increased risk of
infection
blunt - internal damage, no blood
What component is used in blood clotting - ANS ✔✔Platelets
Describe the process of blood clotting - ANS ✔✔platelets, chemical proteins causes platelets to be sticky
so they combine with other substances to form a clot - turns to a scab to stop stuff entering
What is given to those who's blood clots easily - ANS ✔✔anti-coagulants
What is caused when tissues are injured - ANS ✔✔inflammation
what causes swelling? - ANS ✔✔chemicals are released by damaged tissue causing blood vessels to leak
fluid causing swelling
what is histamine? - ANS ✔✔a compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic
and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.
When does a fever occur? - ANS ✔✔when the body's thermostat inside the brain raises above 37
degrees
what is a rigor? - ANS ✔✔Sudden feeling of cold along with chills and sweating, but high temperature
remains
What do antibiotic treat? - ANS ✔✔bacterial infections - not human cells or viruses
What must you ensure with antibiotics - ANS ✔✔finish the full course as it may lead to resistance
What is shaken baby syndrome? - ANS ✔✔A serious brain injury resulting from forcefully shaking an
infant or toddler.
What are the symptoms of shaken baby syndrome? - ANS ✔✔Difficulty Staying Awake
Body Tremors
Difficulty Breathing
Poor Eating or Feeding
Vomiting
Discoloured Skin
Seizures
Coma
Paralysis
3 signs of frailty - ANS ✔✔Fatigue, reduced activity, weight loss
5 risk factors of frailty - ANS ✔✔fall downstairs or less than 1m, 3 or more different injuries, non stop
neck pain, not responding normally, bleeding risks
