NURA 1500 Final Exam Renal and
Urinary Disorders Test Questions With
100% Correct Answers 2026-2027
Updated.
The nurse reviews the record of a child who is suspected to have glomerulonephritis and
expects to note which finding that is associated with this diagnosis?
1. Hypotension
2. Brown-colored urine
3. Low urinary specific gravity
4. Low blood urea nitrogen level - Answer 2. Brown-colored urine
Rationale: Glomerulonephritis refers to a group of kidney disorders characterized by
inflammatory injury in the glomerulus. Gross hematuria, resulting in dark, smoky, cola-colored
or brown-colored urine, is a classic symptom of glomerulonephritis. Hypertension is also
common. Blood urea nitrogen levels may be elevated. A moderately elevated to high urinary
specific gravity is associated with glomerulonephritis.
The nurse performing an admission assessment on a 2-year old child who has been diagnosed
with nephrotic syndrome notes that which most common characteristic is associated with this
syndrome?
1. Hypertension
2. Generalized edema
3. Increased urinary output
4. Frank, bright red blood in urine - Answer 2. Generalized edema
Rationale: nephrotic syndrome is defined as massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia,
hyperlipidemia, and edema. Other manifestations include weight gain; periorbital and facial
edema that is most prominent in the morning; leg, ankle, labial, or scrotal edema; decreased
urine output and urine that is dark and frothy; abdominal swelling; and blood pressure that is
normal or slightly decreased.
The nurse is planning care for a child with hemolytic-uremic syndrome who has been anuric and
will be receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment. The nurse should plan to implement which
measure?
,1. Restrict fluids as prescribed
2. Care for the arteriovenous fistula
3. Encourage foods high in potassium
4. Administer analgesics as prescribed - Answer 1. Restrict fluids as prescribed
Rationale: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome is thought to be associated with bacterial toxins,
chemicals, and viruses that result in acute kidney injury in children. Clinical manifestations of
the disease include acquired hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal injury, and central
nervous system symptoms. A child with hemolytic-uremic syndrome undergoing peritoneal
dialysis because of anuria would be on fluid restriction. Pain is not associated with hemolytic-
uremic syndrome, and potassium would be restricted, not encouraged, if the child is anuric.
Peritoneal dialysis does not require an arteriovenous fistula (only hemodialysis).
A 7-year old child is seen in a clinic, and the primary health care provider documents a diagnosis
of primary nocturia enuresis. The nurse should provide which information to the parents?
1. Primary nocturnal enuresis does not respond to treatment
2. Primary nocturnal enuresis is caused by a psychiatric problem
3. Primary nocturnal enuresis requires surgical intervention to improve the problem
4. Most children outgrow the bed-wetting problem without therapeutic intervention - Answer
4. Most children outgrow the bed-wetting problem without therapeutic intervention
Rationale: Primary nocturnal enuresis occurs in a child who has never been dry at night for
extended periods. The condition is common in children, and most children eventually outgrown
bed-wetting without therapeutic intervention. The child is unable to sense a full bladder and
does not awaken to void. The child may have delayed maturation of the central nervous system.
The condition is not caused by a psychiatric problem.
The nurse provided discharge instructions to the parents of a 2-year old child who had
orchipexy to correct cryptorchidism. Which statement by the parents indicate that further
teaching is necessary?
1. "I'll check his temperature"
2. "I'll give him medication so he'll be comfortable"
3. I'll check his voiding to be sure there's no problem"
4. I'll let him decide when to return to his play activities" - Answer 4. I'll let him decide when to
return to his play activities"
Rationale: Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both testes fail to descend through the
inguinal canal into the scrotal sac. Surgical correction may be necessary. All vigorous activities
,should be restricted for 2 weeks after surgery to promote healing and prevent injury. This
prevents dislodging of the suture, which is internal. Normally, 2-year olds want to be active;
allowing the child to decide when to return to his play activities may prevent healing and cause
injury. The parents should be taught to monitor the temperature, provide analgesics as needed,
and monitor the urine output.
The nurse is reviewing a treatment plan with the parents of a newborn with hypospadias. Which
statement by the parents indicates their understanding of the plan?
1. "Caution should be used when straddling the infant on the hip"
2. "Vital signs should be taken daily to check for bladder infection"
3. "Catheterization will be necessary when the infant does not void"
4. "Circumcision has been delayed to save tissue for surgical repair" - Answer 4. "Circumcision
has been delayed to save tissue for surgical repair"
Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital defect involving abnormal placement of the urethral
orifice of the penis. In hypospadias, the urethral orifice is located below the glans penis along
the ventral surface. The infant should not be circumcised because the dorsal foreskin tissue will
be used for surgical repair of the hypospadias. Options 1,2, and 3 are unrelated to this disorder.
The nurse is caring for an infant with a diagnosis of bladder exstrophy. To protect the exposed
bladder tissue, the nurse should plan which intervention?
1. Cover the bladder with petroleum jelly gauze
2. Cover the bladder with a nonadhering plastic wrap
3. Apply sterile distilled water dressings over the bladder mucosa
4. Keep the bladder tissue dry by covering it with dry sterile gauze - Answer 2. Cover the
bladder with a nonadhering plastic wrap
Rationale: In bladder exstrophy, the bladder is exposed and external to the body. In this
disorder, one must take care to protect the exposed bladder tissue from drying, while allowing
the drainage of urine. This is accomplished best by covering the bladder with a nonadhering
plastic wrap. The ue of petroleum jelly gauze should be avoided because this type of dressing
can dry out, adhere to the mucosa, and damage the delicate tissue when removed. Dry sterile
dressings and dressing soaked in solutions (that can dry out) also damage the mucosa when
removed.
The nurse understands that which information collected during the assessment of a child
recently diagnosed with glomerulonephritis is most often associated with the diagnosis?
1. Child fell off a bike unto the handlebars
, 2. Nausea and vomiting for the last 24 hours
3. Urticaria and itching for 1 week before diagnosis
4. Streptococcal throat infection 2 weeks before diagnosis - Answer 4. Streptococcal throat
infection 2 weeks before diagnosis
Rationale: Glomerulonephritis refers to a group of kidney disorders characterized by
inflammatory injury in the glomerulus. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection is a
cause of glomerulonephritis. Often, a child becomes ill with streptococcal infection of the upper
respiratory tract and then develops symptoms of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
after an interval unrelated to a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis.
The nurse collects a urine specimen preoperatively from a child with epispadias who is
scheduled for surgical repair. When analyzing the results of the urinalysis, which would the
nurse most likely expect to note?
1. Hematuria
2. Proteinuria
3. Bacteria
4. Glucosuria - Answer 3. Bacteria
Rationale: Epispadias is a congenital defect involving abnormal placement of the urethral orifice
of the penis. The urethral opening is located anywhere on the dorsum of the penis. This
anatomical characteristic facilitates entry of bacteria into the urine. Options 1, 2, and 4 are not
characteristically noted in this condition.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a child admitted to the hospital wit a probable
diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to
observe? Select all that apply:
1. Pallor
2. Edema
3. Anorexia
4. Proteinuria
5. Weight loss
6. Decreased serum lipids - Answer 1,2,3,4 Pallor, edema, anorexia, proteinuria
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by massive proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, edema, elevated serum lipids, anorexia, and pallor. The child gains weight.
Urinary Disorders Test Questions With
100% Correct Answers 2026-2027
Updated.
The nurse reviews the record of a child who is suspected to have glomerulonephritis and
expects to note which finding that is associated with this diagnosis?
1. Hypotension
2. Brown-colored urine
3. Low urinary specific gravity
4. Low blood urea nitrogen level - Answer 2. Brown-colored urine
Rationale: Glomerulonephritis refers to a group of kidney disorders characterized by
inflammatory injury in the glomerulus. Gross hematuria, resulting in dark, smoky, cola-colored
or brown-colored urine, is a classic symptom of glomerulonephritis. Hypertension is also
common. Blood urea nitrogen levels may be elevated. A moderately elevated to high urinary
specific gravity is associated with glomerulonephritis.
The nurse performing an admission assessment on a 2-year old child who has been diagnosed
with nephrotic syndrome notes that which most common characteristic is associated with this
syndrome?
1. Hypertension
2. Generalized edema
3. Increased urinary output
4. Frank, bright red blood in urine - Answer 2. Generalized edema
Rationale: nephrotic syndrome is defined as massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia,
hyperlipidemia, and edema. Other manifestations include weight gain; periorbital and facial
edema that is most prominent in the morning; leg, ankle, labial, or scrotal edema; decreased
urine output and urine that is dark and frothy; abdominal swelling; and blood pressure that is
normal or slightly decreased.
The nurse is planning care for a child with hemolytic-uremic syndrome who has been anuric and
will be receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment. The nurse should plan to implement which
measure?
,1. Restrict fluids as prescribed
2. Care for the arteriovenous fistula
3. Encourage foods high in potassium
4. Administer analgesics as prescribed - Answer 1. Restrict fluids as prescribed
Rationale: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome is thought to be associated with bacterial toxins,
chemicals, and viruses that result in acute kidney injury in children. Clinical manifestations of
the disease include acquired hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal injury, and central
nervous system symptoms. A child with hemolytic-uremic syndrome undergoing peritoneal
dialysis because of anuria would be on fluid restriction. Pain is not associated with hemolytic-
uremic syndrome, and potassium would be restricted, not encouraged, if the child is anuric.
Peritoneal dialysis does not require an arteriovenous fistula (only hemodialysis).
A 7-year old child is seen in a clinic, and the primary health care provider documents a diagnosis
of primary nocturia enuresis. The nurse should provide which information to the parents?
1. Primary nocturnal enuresis does not respond to treatment
2. Primary nocturnal enuresis is caused by a psychiatric problem
3. Primary nocturnal enuresis requires surgical intervention to improve the problem
4. Most children outgrow the bed-wetting problem without therapeutic intervention - Answer
4. Most children outgrow the bed-wetting problem without therapeutic intervention
Rationale: Primary nocturnal enuresis occurs in a child who has never been dry at night for
extended periods. The condition is common in children, and most children eventually outgrown
bed-wetting without therapeutic intervention. The child is unable to sense a full bladder and
does not awaken to void. The child may have delayed maturation of the central nervous system.
The condition is not caused by a psychiatric problem.
The nurse provided discharge instructions to the parents of a 2-year old child who had
orchipexy to correct cryptorchidism. Which statement by the parents indicate that further
teaching is necessary?
1. "I'll check his temperature"
2. "I'll give him medication so he'll be comfortable"
3. I'll check his voiding to be sure there's no problem"
4. I'll let him decide when to return to his play activities" - Answer 4. I'll let him decide when to
return to his play activities"
Rationale: Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both testes fail to descend through the
inguinal canal into the scrotal sac. Surgical correction may be necessary. All vigorous activities
,should be restricted for 2 weeks after surgery to promote healing and prevent injury. This
prevents dislodging of the suture, which is internal. Normally, 2-year olds want to be active;
allowing the child to decide when to return to his play activities may prevent healing and cause
injury. The parents should be taught to monitor the temperature, provide analgesics as needed,
and monitor the urine output.
The nurse is reviewing a treatment plan with the parents of a newborn with hypospadias. Which
statement by the parents indicates their understanding of the plan?
1. "Caution should be used when straddling the infant on the hip"
2. "Vital signs should be taken daily to check for bladder infection"
3. "Catheterization will be necessary when the infant does not void"
4. "Circumcision has been delayed to save tissue for surgical repair" - Answer 4. "Circumcision
has been delayed to save tissue for surgical repair"
Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital defect involving abnormal placement of the urethral
orifice of the penis. In hypospadias, the urethral orifice is located below the glans penis along
the ventral surface. The infant should not be circumcised because the dorsal foreskin tissue will
be used for surgical repair of the hypospadias. Options 1,2, and 3 are unrelated to this disorder.
The nurse is caring for an infant with a diagnosis of bladder exstrophy. To protect the exposed
bladder tissue, the nurse should plan which intervention?
1. Cover the bladder with petroleum jelly gauze
2. Cover the bladder with a nonadhering plastic wrap
3. Apply sterile distilled water dressings over the bladder mucosa
4. Keep the bladder tissue dry by covering it with dry sterile gauze - Answer 2. Cover the
bladder with a nonadhering plastic wrap
Rationale: In bladder exstrophy, the bladder is exposed and external to the body. In this
disorder, one must take care to protect the exposed bladder tissue from drying, while allowing
the drainage of urine. This is accomplished best by covering the bladder with a nonadhering
plastic wrap. The ue of petroleum jelly gauze should be avoided because this type of dressing
can dry out, adhere to the mucosa, and damage the delicate tissue when removed. Dry sterile
dressings and dressing soaked in solutions (that can dry out) also damage the mucosa when
removed.
The nurse understands that which information collected during the assessment of a child
recently diagnosed with glomerulonephritis is most often associated with the diagnosis?
1. Child fell off a bike unto the handlebars
, 2. Nausea and vomiting for the last 24 hours
3. Urticaria and itching for 1 week before diagnosis
4. Streptococcal throat infection 2 weeks before diagnosis - Answer 4. Streptococcal throat
infection 2 weeks before diagnosis
Rationale: Glomerulonephritis refers to a group of kidney disorders characterized by
inflammatory injury in the glomerulus. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection is a
cause of glomerulonephritis. Often, a child becomes ill with streptococcal infection of the upper
respiratory tract and then develops symptoms of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
after an interval unrelated to a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis.
The nurse collects a urine specimen preoperatively from a child with epispadias who is
scheduled for surgical repair. When analyzing the results of the urinalysis, which would the
nurse most likely expect to note?
1. Hematuria
2. Proteinuria
3. Bacteria
4. Glucosuria - Answer 3. Bacteria
Rationale: Epispadias is a congenital defect involving abnormal placement of the urethral orifice
of the penis. The urethral opening is located anywhere on the dorsum of the penis. This
anatomical characteristic facilitates entry of bacteria into the urine. Options 1, 2, and 4 are not
characteristically noted in this condition.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a child admitted to the hospital wit a probable
diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to
observe? Select all that apply:
1. Pallor
2. Edema
3. Anorexia
4. Proteinuria
5. Weight loss
6. Decreased serum lipids - Answer 1,2,3,4 Pallor, edema, anorexia, proteinuria
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by massive proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, edema, elevated serum lipids, anorexia, and pallor. The child gains weight.
