Biology 203 Final Exam Study Guide with
question and answer 100% correct
Describe the steps of the scientific -Observation: Use all 5 senses to see whats going on.
method -Hypothesis: Make an educated guess about how
something works.
-Prediction: Assume hypothesis is correct and predict
the results. If... then...
-Experiment: Test your prediction
-Analysis and conclusion: Gather results and
evaluate hypothesis
Explain the parts of a scientific paper -Title
-Abstract: 1 paragraph on what you did, why it's
important, and results.
-Introduction: Inform the reader about what your
research is, why it's important, and reference others
work.
-Methods: Concise description of what you did,
describe what statistics you used.
-Results: Data/stats, differences. Don't analyze data.
-Discussion: Analyze data with meanings, conclusion.
-References cited
Explain the dependent, independent, Dependent Variable- What's changing
and control variables Independent Variable- What you're
measuring Control Variable- What doesn't
change
What are Carbohydrates? What are the Carbohydrate: simple sugar or a larger molecule
four types. composed of multiple sugar units.
-Monosaccharides
-Disaccharides
-Polysaccharides
-Starch
Monosaccharides Single sugar molecule.
Ex: ribose, deoxyribose, fructose, and glucose.
Disaccharides Two joined monosaccharides.
Ex: sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
, Polysaccharides More than two monosaccharides joined
together. Ex: glucose
Starch A key glucose-storing polysaccharide in plants, an
important food molecule for humans.
Proteins A diverse group of macromolecules. Many are
structural components of muscle, bone, hair,
fingernails, and toenails, among other tissues. All
proteins are chains of amino acids.
Benedict's Solution Tests for carbohydrates. Small carbohydrate
molecules react upon heating with the copper-
containing compound.
Lugol's Solution (IKI) Tests for carbohydrates. Dilute solution of potassium
Iodine reacts with starch and forms deep blue/black.
Biuret reagent Tests for proteins. The greater the number of peptide
bonds, the more intense the color reaction with
Biuret.
Sudan IV Tests for lipids. Drop solution on a piece of uncoated
paper, if it leave behind oil then it contains a lipid.
Enzyme Proteins that function as biological catalysts.
Agents that speed up cellular reactions.
Activation Energy The amount of energy necessary for a chemical
reaction to proceed.
Enzyme-substrate Complex When substrate molecules combine with enzyme
molecules.
Substrate The reactant (substance being acted upon) in an
enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
Product Formed from a reaction.
Active Site A special region of the enzyme where the substrate
binds.
Cofactor Non-protein organic molecules and metal ions that
are part of the structure of the active site, making
the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex
possible.
Benzoquinone The brown coloration of a damaged apple or the
blackening of an injured potato tuber. It inhibits the
growth of certain
microorganisms that cause rot.
Catechol Present in the cells of many plants. Reacts with
catechol oxidase to catalyze the production of
benzoquinone and water. Does not mix until plant is
damaged.
question and answer 100% correct
Describe the steps of the scientific -Observation: Use all 5 senses to see whats going on.
method -Hypothesis: Make an educated guess about how
something works.
-Prediction: Assume hypothesis is correct and predict
the results. If... then...
-Experiment: Test your prediction
-Analysis and conclusion: Gather results and
evaluate hypothesis
Explain the parts of a scientific paper -Title
-Abstract: 1 paragraph on what you did, why it's
important, and results.
-Introduction: Inform the reader about what your
research is, why it's important, and reference others
work.
-Methods: Concise description of what you did,
describe what statistics you used.
-Results: Data/stats, differences. Don't analyze data.
-Discussion: Analyze data with meanings, conclusion.
-References cited
Explain the dependent, independent, Dependent Variable- What's changing
and control variables Independent Variable- What you're
measuring Control Variable- What doesn't
change
What are Carbohydrates? What are the Carbohydrate: simple sugar or a larger molecule
four types. composed of multiple sugar units.
-Monosaccharides
-Disaccharides
-Polysaccharides
-Starch
Monosaccharides Single sugar molecule.
Ex: ribose, deoxyribose, fructose, and glucose.
Disaccharides Two joined monosaccharides.
Ex: sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
, Polysaccharides More than two monosaccharides joined
together. Ex: glucose
Starch A key glucose-storing polysaccharide in plants, an
important food molecule for humans.
Proteins A diverse group of macromolecules. Many are
structural components of muscle, bone, hair,
fingernails, and toenails, among other tissues. All
proteins are chains of amino acids.
Benedict's Solution Tests for carbohydrates. Small carbohydrate
molecules react upon heating with the copper-
containing compound.
Lugol's Solution (IKI) Tests for carbohydrates. Dilute solution of potassium
Iodine reacts with starch and forms deep blue/black.
Biuret reagent Tests for proteins. The greater the number of peptide
bonds, the more intense the color reaction with
Biuret.
Sudan IV Tests for lipids. Drop solution on a piece of uncoated
paper, if it leave behind oil then it contains a lipid.
Enzyme Proteins that function as biological catalysts.
Agents that speed up cellular reactions.
Activation Energy The amount of energy necessary for a chemical
reaction to proceed.
Enzyme-substrate Complex When substrate molecules combine with enzyme
molecules.
Substrate The reactant (substance being acted upon) in an
enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
Product Formed from a reaction.
Active Site A special region of the enzyme where the substrate
binds.
Cofactor Non-protein organic molecules and metal ions that
are part of the structure of the active site, making
the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex
possible.
Benzoquinone The brown coloration of a damaged apple or the
blackening of an injured potato tuber. It inhibits the
growth of certain
microorganisms that cause rot.
Catechol Present in the cells of many plants. Reacts with
catechol oxidase to catalyze the production of
benzoquinone and water. Does not mix until plant is
damaged.
