WGU c785 exam with question and
answer 100% correct
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process to copy DNA
What is needed to complete PCR Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and
DNA
Steps of PCR denaturation, annealing, elongation
denaturation loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
Annealing cooled to 50c primers stick and want to copy and add DNA
polymerase
Elongation reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase add nucleotides
building a new DNA strand.
base excision repair a modified base is first excised and then the entire nucleotide
is replaced
DNA glycosylase removes damaged DNA
DNA polymerase replaces to damaged DNA ligase seals it
base excision repair removes one single nucleotide
MIsmatch repair The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix
incorrectly paired nucleotides.
What DNA damage is corrected errors in replication fixed
by mismatch repair
What occurs when DNA polymerase binds transcription ! DNA polymerase takes the individual
to DNA to make RNA nucleotides and matches the them to the parental sequences
to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
nonsense change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon
silent mutation A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not
change the amino acid created.
Missense a mutation that changes one amino acid
What happens during RNA splicing after transcription, the introns are removed and the exons are
hooks back together
DNA transcription the proccess of copying a section of dna in order to make
proteins
, DNA translation Process by which mRNA is converted into a protein
non-template/coding strand its sequence matches the sequence of the RNA that
is transcribed from the template strand and codes for
a polypeptide
complementary strand A strand of DNA or RNA that has complementary bases to
another strand of DNA or RNA. For instance, during DNA
replication, the new strand that is formed is a complementary
strand. (Complementary bases: A-T, C-G)
DNA template to mRNA is? transcription
ionized alanine It's an Amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a
hydrophobic amino acid that has CH3 it's a weak interaction.
For ionized look for the one with the + or - charge
Misfolding of protein structure in Caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques
Alzheimer's (senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein aggregation.
Tau is fibrous material inside cells with this the
connections are lost. This becomes defective and form
filaments in the neuron. Amyloid- beta is a large precursor
protein in the cell. Excess amyloid-beta is clearly linked to
Alzheimer's disease creating senile plaques. Starts in the
hippocampus and moves up.
Neurodegenerative protein aggregation Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative
disease. The formation of aggregated amyloid-beta fibers is
another characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but
neurodegeneration and memory loss can be detected before
amyloid fibers accumulate in the brain.
molecular chaperones A protein that helps other proteins fold or refold from a
partially denatured state.
Primary level of protein structure chain of amino acids, peptide bonds forming a polypeptide
chain. Covalent bond, does not denature
Secondary level of protein structure alpha helix (coil) and beta-pleated sheet, hydrogen bond,
denatured by salt and Ph change, contain carboxyl and amino
groups
Tertiary level of protein structure side chain interaction, (R-group) - (3D), ex. sickle cell, arthritis,
hemophilia. Changes seen with increased temp, salt, change
in pH and reducing agents.
Quaternary subunit more than one polypeptide, Ex: Hemoglobin. Changes seen
with increased temp.
Primary formed by peptide bonds
answer 100% correct
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process to copy DNA
What is needed to complete PCR Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and
DNA
Steps of PCR denaturation, annealing, elongation
denaturation loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
Annealing cooled to 50c primers stick and want to copy and add DNA
polymerase
Elongation reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase add nucleotides
building a new DNA strand.
base excision repair a modified base is first excised and then the entire nucleotide
is replaced
DNA glycosylase removes damaged DNA
DNA polymerase replaces to damaged DNA ligase seals it
base excision repair removes one single nucleotide
MIsmatch repair The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix
incorrectly paired nucleotides.
What DNA damage is corrected errors in replication fixed
by mismatch repair
What occurs when DNA polymerase binds transcription ! DNA polymerase takes the individual
to DNA to make RNA nucleotides and matches the them to the parental sequences
to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
nonsense change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon
silent mutation A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not
change the amino acid created.
Missense a mutation that changes one amino acid
What happens during RNA splicing after transcription, the introns are removed and the exons are
hooks back together
DNA transcription the proccess of copying a section of dna in order to make
proteins
, DNA translation Process by which mRNA is converted into a protein
non-template/coding strand its sequence matches the sequence of the RNA that
is transcribed from the template strand and codes for
a polypeptide
complementary strand A strand of DNA or RNA that has complementary bases to
another strand of DNA or RNA. For instance, during DNA
replication, the new strand that is formed is a complementary
strand. (Complementary bases: A-T, C-G)
DNA template to mRNA is? transcription
ionized alanine It's an Amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a
hydrophobic amino acid that has CH3 it's a weak interaction.
For ionized look for the one with the + or - charge
Misfolding of protein structure in Caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques
Alzheimer's (senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein aggregation.
Tau is fibrous material inside cells with this the
connections are lost. This becomes defective and form
filaments in the neuron. Amyloid- beta is a large precursor
protein in the cell. Excess amyloid-beta is clearly linked to
Alzheimer's disease creating senile plaques. Starts in the
hippocampus and moves up.
Neurodegenerative protein aggregation Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative
disease. The formation of aggregated amyloid-beta fibers is
another characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but
neurodegeneration and memory loss can be detected before
amyloid fibers accumulate in the brain.
molecular chaperones A protein that helps other proteins fold or refold from a
partially denatured state.
Primary level of protein structure chain of amino acids, peptide bonds forming a polypeptide
chain. Covalent bond, does not denature
Secondary level of protein structure alpha helix (coil) and beta-pleated sheet, hydrogen bond,
denatured by salt and Ph change, contain carboxyl and amino
groups
Tertiary level of protein structure side chain interaction, (R-group) - (3D), ex. sickle cell, arthritis,
hemophilia. Changes seen with increased temp, salt, change
in pH and reducing agents.
Quaternary subunit more than one polypeptide, Ex: Hemoglobin. Changes seen
with increased temp.
Primary formed by peptide bonds
