PN Comprehensive Predictor 2026 study
which conditions can predispose an individual to dysrhythmias? - ANSWER...-
cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, hypoxia, acid-base imbalances,
electrolyte disturbances, pericarditis, drug or alcohol use, and shock.
What are common causes of anemia based on RBC production and destruction? -
ANSWER...-Common causes include inadequate RBC production (hypoproliferative),
increased RBC destruction (hemolytic), and blood loss. Deficiencies in iron, vitamin
B12, folic acid, or erythropoietin also contribute to anemia.
What are the key dietary recommendations for a patient recovering from hyperemesis
gravidarum? - ANSWER...-Patients recovering from hyperemesis gravidarum should
begin with clear liquids and bland foods, progressing to dry toast, crackers, or cereal,
then a soft diet, and finally a normal diet as tolerated. Meals should be frequent and
small.
What should clients avoid or carefully monitor when taking levothyroxine alongside
warfarin? - ANSWER...-Levothyroxine can increase warfarin's anticoagulant effects by
breaking down vitamin K, necessitating monitoring of prothrombin time (PT) and INR,
and potential dose adjustments.
Why might hand hygiene be necessary multiple times during care for the same client? -
ANSWER...-Hand hygiene may be necessary multiple times to prevent cross-
contamination of different body sites during tasks and procedures on the same client.
What are diagnostic procedures used to rule out other conditions resembling
neurocognitive disorders? - ANSWER...-Diagnostic procedures include chest/head X-
rays, EEG, ECG, liver and thyroid function tests, neuroimaging (CT or PET scans),
urinalysis, blood electrolyte testing, and folate/vitamin B12 level assessments.
What laboratory findings related to red blood cell indices in anemia demand urgent
reporting? - ANSWER...-Results showing microcytic, hypochromic RBCs (small cells
with less hemoglobin) or critically low MCHC must be reported to determine anemia
severity.
When enforcing rules for clients with antisocial personality disorder, what approach
should nurses take to ensure compliance? - ANSWER...-Nurses should use a
consistent, structured approach with clear and firm communication of consequences to
ensure compliance with rules.
,What biological factors can increase the risk of suicide in clients? - ANSWER...-
Biological factors include family history of suicide and physical disorders such as AIDS,
cancer, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis.
What are common complications of celiac disease if left untreated? - ANSWER...-
Untreated celiac disease can lead to anemia, osteoporosis, malnutrition, systemic
manifestations like skin rash (dermatitis herpetiformis), and infertility.
Why should NSAIDs be used cautiously in osteoarthritis treatment? - ANSWER...-
NSAIDs are nephrotoxic and can cause adverse effects like black tarry stools,
indigestion, and shortness of breath; they should be taken only as prescribed.
What actions should be taken to manage severe diverticulitis in a hospitalized client? -
ANSWER...-Provide NPO status, administer IV fluids, IV antibiotics, and opioid
analgesics, monitor for perforation, and prepare the client for potential surgery if no
improvement is seen within 72 hours.
What is the primary focus of tertiary interventions in suicide care? - ANSWER...-Tertiary
interventions focus on providing support and assistance to survivors of a client who has
died by suicide.
Which diagnostic procedure evaluates synovial fluid in a client with rheumatoid arthritis,
and what findings are expected? - ANSWER...-Arthrocentesis involves synovial fluid
aspiration by needle. In rheumatoid arthritis, synovial fluid may show increased WBC
counts and presence of rheumatoid factor.
What dietary elements are necessary for the production of thyroid hormones? -
ANSWER...-Protein and iodine intake are necessary for the production of thyroid
hormones.
How does the administration of donepezil differ from rivastigmine for Alzheimer's
disease? - ANSWER...-Donepezil is administered once daily at bedtime due to its long
half-life, while rivastigmine is typically taken twice daily and may also be delivered as a
patch.
How can a client with mucositis alleviate dry mouth symptoms? - ANSWER...-The client
can use lubricating or moisturizing agents and drink at least 2 liters of water daily unless
contraindicated.
When should prophylactic cervical cerclage be placed and removed in pregnancy? -
ANSWER...-The cerclage is typically placed between 12-14 weeks of gestation for
clients with cervical insufficiency and removed at 36-38 weeks or upon spontaneous
labor.
What is the significance of folic acid intake during pregnancy? - ANSWER...-Adequate
folic acid intake during pregnancy is crucial to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus
,and support maternal red blood cell formation. It is recommended that pregnant clients
consume 600 mcg/day of folic acid.
What symptoms may precede the onset of seizures in eclampsia? - ANSWER...-
Symptoms preceding seizures in eclampsia include severe headache, epigastric pain,
hyperreflexia, and hemoconcentrations.
Which interventions should be prioritized for a client exhibiting signs of magnesium
sulfate toxicity? - ANSWER...-If magnesium toxicity is suspected (e.g., absence of
deep-tendon reflexes, respiratory rate less than 12/min, urinary output less than 25-30
mL/hr, decreased consciousness), immediately discontinue infusion, administer calcium
gluconate or calcium chloride as the antidote, and prepare actions to prevent respiratory
or cardiac arrest.
When is pertussis most contagious in an infected individual? - ANSWER...-Pertussis is
most contagious during the catarrhal stage (highly contagious coughing stage lasting 1-
2 weeks)
What are common psychological manifestations during cocaine withdrawal? -
ANSWER...-depression, fatigue, irritability, unpleasant dreams, psychomotor
retardation, and agitation.
What should a nurse document when applying restraints to a client? - ANSWER...-A
nurse should document the client's behavior, alternative actions attempted, the time
restraint began, medications given, safety measures provided, and the time the client
was released.
When communicating with a child, what is a nontherapeutic technique that nurses
should avoid? - ANSWER...-Minimizing feelings, as it can make children feel invalidated
or misunderstood.
Why is monitoring a client's temperature important in hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER...-An
increase in temperature by 1°F or more may indicate an impending thyroid crisis and
should be reported immediately.
How does celiac disease affect the small intestine? - ANSWER...-Celiac disease
damages the villi and walls of the small intestine, reducing nutrient absorption and
causing issues like diarrhea, bloating, and fatigue.
What precautions are necessary to ensure the integrity of a 24-hour urine collection? -
ANSWER...-Urine must be collected in an approved container and kept on ice or
refrigerated throughout the 24-hour collection period.
Why is hydration important for airway management in clients with respiratory
difficulties? - ANSWER...-Hydration moistens the airways, loosens mucus, and
, facilitates mobilization of pulmonary secretions, supporting respiratory function and
airway clearance.
Why is it important for clients at high risk of anaphylaxis to wear a medical alert bracelet
and carry injectable epinephrine? - ANSWER...-Wearing a medical alert bracelet and
carrying injectable epinephrine is crucial for rapid identification and intervention during
an anaphylactic reaction, which can be life-threatening and requires immediate
treatment.
What clinical signs would indicate toxic megacolon in a client with inflammatory bowel
disease? - ANSWER...-Symptoms of toxic megacolon include massive colon dilation,
abdominal distention, fever, hypotension, decreased or absent bowel sounds, and risk
of bowel perforation.
What alternatives should be attempted before resorting to restraints or seclusion? -
ANSWER...-Alternatives include verbal interventions, diversion or redirection, providing
a calm environment, and offering PRN medication if appropriate.
How can nurses handle intense emotions while caring for clients with personality
disorders? - ANSWER...-Performing regular self-assessments before and after
providing care can help nurses manage stress and provide effective therapeutic
communication.
Why is auscultating bowel sounds before percussion and palpation important during an
abdominal assessment? - ANSWER...-Percussion and palpation can alter bowel
sounds, so auscultating first ensures accurate assessment of bowel activity.
What is the importance of monitoring sleep patterns during cocaine withdrawal? -
ANSWER...-Monitoring sleep patterns is essential as clients may experience excessive
sleeping or insomnia, which can affect overall recovery and mental health.
What strategies can nurses use to communicate effectively with clients who have
hearing loss? - ANSWER...-Nurses can sit and face the client, avoid covering their
mouth while speaking, speak slowly and clearly, use brief sentences with simple words,
minimize background noise, and write down information if not understood.
What protocol should a nurse follow to maintain circulation in a client with a mitten
restraint? - ANSWER...-Remove or loosen the restraint frequently to ensure proper
circulation and provide range-of-motion exercises to avoid stiffness or reduced blood
flow.
Why is verbal intervention considered the least restrictive method in managing
aggressive behavior before applying restraints? - ANSWER...-Verbal intervention
respects the client's autonomy and seeks to calm the client without physical or
pharmacological methods, promoting least restrictive care.
which conditions can predispose an individual to dysrhythmias? - ANSWER...-
cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, hypoxia, acid-base imbalances,
electrolyte disturbances, pericarditis, drug or alcohol use, and shock.
What are common causes of anemia based on RBC production and destruction? -
ANSWER...-Common causes include inadequate RBC production (hypoproliferative),
increased RBC destruction (hemolytic), and blood loss. Deficiencies in iron, vitamin
B12, folic acid, or erythropoietin also contribute to anemia.
What are the key dietary recommendations for a patient recovering from hyperemesis
gravidarum? - ANSWER...-Patients recovering from hyperemesis gravidarum should
begin with clear liquids and bland foods, progressing to dry toast, crackers, or cereal,
then a soft diet, and finally a normal diet as tolerated. Meals should be frequent and
small.
What should clients avoid or carefully monitor when taking levothyroxine alongside
warfarin? - ANSWER...-Levothyroxine can increase warfarin's anticoagulant effects by
breaking down vitamin K, necessitating monitoring of prothrombin time (PT) and INR,
and potential dose adjustments.
Why might hand hygiene be necessary multiple times during care for the same client? -
ANSWER...-Hand hygiene may be necessary multiple times to prevent cross-
contamination of different body sites during tasks and procedures on the same client.
What are diagnostic procedures used to rule out other conditions resembling
neurocognitive disorders? - ANSWER...-Diagnostic procedures include chest/head X-
rays, EEG, ECG, liver and thyroid function tests, neuroimaging (CT or PET scans),
urinalysis, blood electrolyte testing, and folate/vitamin B12 level assessments.
What laboratory findings related to red blood cell indices in anemia demand urgent
reporting? - ANSWER...-Results showing microcytic, hypochromic RBCs (small cells
with less hemoglobin) or critically low MCHC must be reported to determine anemia
severity.
When enforcing rules for clients with antisocial personality disorder, what approach
should nurses take to ensure compliance? - ANSWER...-Nurses should use a
consistent, structured approach with clear and firm communication of consequences to
ensure compliance with rules.
,What biological factors can increase the risk of suicide in clients? - ANSWER...-
Biological factors include family history of suicide and physical disorders such as AIDS,
cancer, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis.
What are common complications of celiac disease if left untreated? - ANSWER...-
Untreated celiac disease can lead to anemia, osteoporosis, malnutrition, systemic
manifestations like skin rash (dermatitis herpetiformis), and infertility.
Why should NSAIDs be used cautiously in osteoarthritis treatment? - ANSWER...-
NSAIDs are nephrotoxic and can cause adverse effects like black tarry stools,
indigestion, and shortness of breath; they should be taken only as prescribed.
What actions should be taken to manage severe diverticulitis in a hospitalized client? -
ANSWER...-Provide NPO status, administer IV fluids, IV antibiotics, and opioid
analgesics, monitor for perforation, and prepare the client for potential surgery if no
improvement is seen within 72 hours.
What is the primary focus of tertiary interventions in suicide care? - ANSWER...-Tertiary
interventions focus on providing support and assistance to survivors of a client who has
died by suicide.
Which diagnostic procedure evaluates synovial fluid in a client with rheumatoid arthritis,
and what findings are expected? - ANSWER...-Arthrocentesis involves synovial fluid
aspiration by needle. In rheumatoid arthritis, synovial fluid may show increased WBC
counts and presence of rheumatoid factor.
What dietary elements are necessary for the production of thyroid hormones? -
ANSWER...-Protein and iodine intake are necessary for the production of thyroid
hormones.
How does the administration of donepezil differ from rivastigmine for Alzheimer's
disease? - ANSWER...-Donepezil is administered once daily at bedtime due to its long
half-life, while rivastigmine is typically taken twice daily and may also be delivered as a
patch.
How can a client with mucositis alleviate dry mouth symptoms? - ANSWER...-The client
can use lubricating or moisturizing agents and drink at least 2 liters of water daily unless
contraindicated.
When should prophylactic cervical cerclage be placed and removed in pregnancy? -
ANSWER...-The cerclage is typically placed between 12-14 weeks of gestation for
clients with cervical insufficiency and removed at 36-38 weeks or upon spontaneous
labor.
What is the significance of folic acid intake during pregnancy? - ANSWER...-Adequate
folic acid intake during pregnancy is crucial to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus
,and support maternal red blood cell formation. It is recommended that pregnant clients
consume 600 mcg/day of folic acid.
What symptoms may precede the onset of seizures in eclampsia? - ANSWER...-
Symptoms preceding seizures in eclampsia include severe headache, epigastric pain,
hyperreflexia, and hemoconcentrations.
Which interventions should be prioritized for a client exhibiting signs of magnesium
sulfate toxicity? - ANSWER...-If magnesium toxicity is suspected (e.g., absence of
deep-tendon reflexes, respiratory rate less than 12/min, urinary output less than 25-30
mL/hr, decreased consciousness), immediately discontinue infusion, administer calcium
gluconate or calcium chloride as the antidote, and prepare actions to prevent respiratory
or cardiac arrest.
When is pertussis most contagious in an infected individual? - ANSWER...-Pertussis is
most contagious during the catarrhal stage (highly contagious coughing stage lasting 1-
2 weeks)
What are common psychological manifestations during cocaine withdrawal? -
ANSWER...-depression, fatigue, irritability, unpleasant dreams, psychomotor
retardation, and agitation.
What should a nurse document when applying restraints to a client? - ANSWER...-A
nurse should document the client's behavior, alternative actions attempted, the time
restraint began, medications given, safety measures provided, and the time the client
was released.
When communicating with a child, what is a nontherapeutic technique that nurses
should avoid? - ANSWER...-Minimizing feelings, as it can make children feel invalidated
or misunderstood.
Why is monitoring a client's temperature important in hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER...-An
increase in temperature by 1°F or more may indicate an impending thyroid crisis and
should be reported immediately.
How does celiac disease affect the small intestine? - ANSWER...-Celiac disease
damages the villi and walls of the small intestine, reducing nutrient absorption and
causing issues like diarrhea, bloating, and fatigue.
What precautions are necessary to ensure the integrity of a 24-hour urine collection? -
ANSWER...-Urine must be collected in an approved container and kept on ice or
refrigerated throughout the 24-hour collection period.
Why is hydration important for airway management in clients with respiratory
difficulties? - ANSWER...-Hydration moistens the airways, loosens mucus, and
, facilitates mobilization of pulmonary secretions, supporting respiratory function and
airway clearance.
Why is it important for clients at high risk of anaphylaxis to wear a medical alert bracelet
and carry injectable epinephrine? - ANSWER...-Wearing a medical alert bracelet and
carrying injectable epinephrine is crucial for rapid identification and intervention during
an anaphylactic reaction, which can be life-threatening and requires immediate
treatment.
What clinical signs would indicate toxic megacolon in a client with inflammatory bowel
disease? - ANSWER...-Symptoms of toxic megacolon include massive colon dilation,
abdominal distention, fever, hypotension, decreased or absent bowel sounds, and risk
of bowel perforation.
What alternatives should be attempted before resorting to restraints or seclusion? -
ANSWER...-Alternatives include verbal interventions, diversion or redirection, providing
a calm environment, and offering PRN medication if appropriate.
How can nurses handle intense emotions while caring for clients with personality
disorders? - ANSWER...-Performing regular self-assessments before and after
providing care can help nurses manage stress and provide effective therapeutic
communication.
Why is auscultating bowel sounds before percussion and palpation important during an
abdominal assessment? - ANSWER...-Percussion and palpation can alter bowel
sounds, so auscultating first ensures accurate assessment of bowel activity.
What is the importance of monitoring sleep patterns during cocaine withdrawal? -
ANSWER...-Monitoring sleep patterns is essential as clients may experience excessive
sleeping or insomnia, which can affect overall recovery and mental health.
What strategies can nurses use to communicate effectively with clients who have
hearing loss? - ANSWER...-Nurses can sit and face the client, avoid covering their
mouth while speaking, speak slowly and clearly, use brief sentences with simple words,
minimize background noise, and write down information if not understood.
What protocol should a nurse follow to maintain circulation in a client with a mitten
restraint? - ANSWER...-Remove or loosen the restraint frequently to ensure proper
circulation and provide range-of-motion exercises to avoid stiffness or reduced blood
flow.
Why is verbal intervention considered the least restrictive method in managing
aggressive behavior before applying restraints? - ANSWER...-Verbal intervention
respects the client's autonomy and seeks to calm the client without physical or
pharmacological methods, promoting least restrictive care.
