NURS 611 Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study
Guide | Maryville Practice Questions
& Exam Prep 2026/2027
, A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-destruction
for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria
dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis hypoxia
(especially the kidney and heart)
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? ischemia
Main component of a cell nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important? histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential
for cell division
What are ribosomes? RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and
secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear
pore complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? cytoplasm and rough ER
what are ribosomes chief function? provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the
nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-
bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless
organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes? leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative
capacity of organs and tissue
Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study
Guide | Maryville Practice Questions
& Exam Prep 2026/2027
, A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-destruction
for elimination or unwanted cell populations
Necrosis Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondria
dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis hypoxia
(especially the kidney and heart)
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? ischemia
Main component of a cell nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important? histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential
for cell division
What are ribosomes? RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and
secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear
pore complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? cytoplasm and rough ER
what are ribosomes chief function? provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the
nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-
bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless
organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes? leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative
capacity of organs and tissue
