NUR 152 EXAM 5 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | NUR
152 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
What are the effects of diuretics, cholinergic, and analgesics/tranquillizers on urine production and
elimination? - correct answer ✔✔Diuretics-prevent the reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes.
They may also cause increased frequency do to increase in urine production
Cholinergic- stimulate the contraction of the detrusor muscle, producing urination
Analgesics & tranquillizers- suppress the CNS, diminish effectiveness of neural reflex and can relax the
urethra leading to more frequent urination or stress incontinence.
What do kidneys do? - correct answer ✔✔filter blood and remove unwanted substances, secreting
waste into the urine, while also maintaining the proper balance of electrolytes and fluid volume needed
for homeostasis
Ureters - correct answer ✔✔long thin tubes made of smooth muscle that push urine from kidneys to
bladder
Where does the actual filtering in the kidneys occur? - correct answer ✔✔in the nephrons each kidney
has about 1 million nephrons.
In the nephron a glomerulus (tiny blood vessel or capillary) intertwines with urine collecting tube called
tubule
The tubules receive a combo of waste materials and chemicals that the body can still use.
Kidneys measure out chemicals like sodium, phosphorus, and potassium back into the blood
detrusor muscle - correct answer ✔✔Muscle of the bladder, both expands to accommodate urine and
contracts to expel urine, made of smooth muscle
What is the urinary bladder is innervated by? - correct answer ✔✔autonomic nervous system. the
sympathetic system carries inhibitory impulses to the bladder and motor impulses to the internal
sphincter
the parasympathetic systems carries motor impulses to the bladder and inhibitory impulses to internal
sphincter. these cause the detrusor muscle to contract and the sphincter to relax.
How much urine is in the bladder before a person feels the desire to urinate? - correct answer ✔✔150-
250mL
What factors effect the frequency of urinary elimination? - correct answer ✔✔Food & fluid intake, age,
bladder capacity, medication, medical conditions, gender
, What kinds of medical conditions can contribute to urinary frequency? - correct answer ✔✔Diabetes
UTI's
Stroke: reduces muscular control
Anxiety
Overactive bladder
What male medical problem can cause urinary frequency? - correct answer ✔✔Hypertrophy of the
prostate can lead to night time urgency
Developmental considerations on urination? - correct answer ✔✔Effects of aging
-Nocturia due to kidney lose ability to concentrate urine
-Increased frequency due to decreased bladder muscle tone which can reduce the capacity
-Urine retention- decrease bladder contractility may lead to retention and stasis increasing chance of UTI
-physical problems - neuromuscular or degenerative joint problems leading to problems reaching toilet
in time.
What diseases are associated with renal problems? - correct answer ✔✔Congenital urinary tract
abnormalities
polycystic kidney disease
UTI
Urinary calculi (kidney stones)
Hypertension
diabetes mellitus
gout
connective tissue disorders
anuria
dysuria
Frequency
glycosuria
nocturia
oliguria
polyuria
proteinuria
pyuria
urgency - correct answer ✔✔-24hr output less than 50mL
-painful or difficult urination
-increased incidence of voiding
-presence of glucose in urine
-waking at night to urinate
-24 output less than 400mL
-excessive urination
-protein in urine
-pus in urine
-strong desire to void
Meds that change urine color - correct answer ✔✔Anticoagulants = red or pink
152 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
What are the effects of diuretics, cholinergic, and analgesics/tranquillizers on urine production and
elimination? - correct answer ✔✔Diuretics-prevent the reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes.
They may also cause increased frequency do to increase in urine production
Cholinergic- stimulate the contraction of the detrusor muscle, producing urination
Analgesics & tranquillizers- suppress the CNS, diminish effectiveness of neural reflex and can relax the
urethra leading to more frequent urination or stress incontinence.
What do kidneys do? - correct answer ✔✔filter blood and remove unwanted substances, secreting
waste into the urine, while also maintaining the proper balance of electrolytes and fluid volume needed
for homeostasis
Ureters - correct answer ✔✔long thin tubes made of smooth muscle that push urine from kidneys to
bladder
Where does the actual filtering in the kidneys occur? - correct answer ✔✔in the nephrons each kidney
has about 1 million nephrons.
In the nephron a glomerulus (tiny blood vessel or capillary) intertwines with urine collecting tube called
tubule
The tubules receive a combo of waste materials and chemicals that the body can still use.
Kidneys measure out chemicals like sodium, phosphorus, and potassium back into the blood
detrusor muscle - correct answer ✔✔Muscle of the bladder, both expands to accommodate urine and
contracts to expel urine, made of smooth muscle
What is the urinary bladder is innervated by? - correct answer ✔✔autonomic nervous system. the
sympathetic system carries inhibitory impulses to the bladder and motor impulses to the internal
sphincter
the parasympathetic systems carries motor impulses to the bladder and inhibitory impulses to internal
sphincter. these cause the detrusor muscle to contract and the sphincter to relax.
How much urine is in the bladder before a person feels the desire to urinate? - correct answer ✔✔150-
250mL
What factors effect the frequency of urinary elimination? - correct answer ✔✔Food & fluid intake, age,
bladder capacity, medication, medical conditions, gender
, What kinds of medical conditions can contribute to urinary frequency? - correct answer ✔✔Diabetes
UTI's
Stroke: reduces muscular control
Anxiety
Overactive bladder
What male medical problem can cause urinary frequency? - correct answer ✔✔Hypertrophy of the
prostate can lead to night time urgency
Developmental considerations on urination? - correct answer ✔✔Effects of aging
-Nocturia due to kidney lose ability to concentrate urine
-Increased frequency due to decreased bladder muscle tone which can reduce the capacity
-Urine retention- decrease bladder contractility may lead to retention and stasis increasing chance of UTI
-physical problems - neuromuscular or degenerative joint problems leading to problems reaching toilet
in time.
What diseases are associated with renal problems? - correct answer ✔✔Congenital urinary tract
abnormalities
polycystic kidney disease
UTI
Urinary calculi (kidney stones)
Hypertension
diabetes mellitus
gout
connective tissue disorders
anuria
dysuria
Frequency
glycosuria
nocturia
oliguria
polyuria
proteinuria
pyuria
urgency - correct answer ✔✔-24hr output less than 50mL
-painful or difficult urination
-increased incidence of voiding
-presence of glucose in urine
-waking at night to urinate
-24 output less than 400mL
-excessive urination
-protein in urine
-pus in urine
-strong desire to void
Meds that change urine color - correct answer ✔✔Anticoagulants = red or pink
