NURS 5315 Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam 2 Study
Guide | UTA Practice Questions &
Exam Prep 2026/2027
, HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post
exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels.
Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the
site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by
affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can
react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause
vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for
singular.
Prostaglandins Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway.
Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for presenting
antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release
of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth and
stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes
muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability,
triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Pathophysiology Exam 2 Study
Guide | UTA Practice Questions &
Exam Prep 2026/2027
, HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post
exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels.
Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the
site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by
affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can
react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause
vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for
singular.
Prostaglandins Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway.
Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for presenting
antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release
of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth and
stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes
muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability,
triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
