HAZMAT FLORIDA PRACTICE EXAMS ANSWERS
AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Polymerization - ✔✔any process in which relatively small molecules, called
monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule,
called a polymer.
✔✔Radioactivity - ✔✔spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a
nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus.
✔✔Alpha - ✔✔positively charged particle emitted by some radioactive materials and is
not considered dangerous unless ingested.
✔✔Beta - ✔✔a small particle ejected from a radioactive atom with more penetrating
power than Alpha, can cause the same internal damage as Alpha particles. Beta
particles will penetrate only a fraction of an inch of skin tissue and can travel distance of
2.1m (7ft). Firefighter PPE including SCBA can guard against Beta particles.
✔✔Gamma Ray/Radiation - ✔✔electromagnetic radiation of high energy. Gamma rays
are the most penetrating type of radiation and represent a major external hazard and
can penetrate human tissue. They originate from the nucleus of an atom, move at the
speed of light and are the most dangerous form of radiation. Time, distance and
shielding (lead, cement, and water) can protect Gamma rays.
✔✔Reactivity - ✔✔a substance's propensity to release energy or undergo change, for
example; self-reaction, polymerization, or violent reaction.
✔✔Water Reactivity - ✔✔describes the sensitivity of a material to water without the
addition of heat or confinement.
✔✔Riot Control Agents (Tear Gas) - ✔✔chemical compounds that temporarily make
people unable to function by causing irritation to the eyes, mouth, throat, lungs, and
skin.
,✔✔Saturated Hydrocarbons - ✔✔hydrocarbons that contain ONLY single bonds. Called
alkanes or paraffin hydrocarbons. (Methane, butane)
✔✔Unsaturated Hydrocarbons - ✔✔materials that have at least one multiple bond
between two carbon atoms somewhere in the molecule, which causes them to be more
hazardous. Those with at least one double bond are called alkenes and those with at
least one triple bond are called alkynes.
✔✔Aromatic Hydrocarbons - ✔✔materials that contain the benzene ring, which is
formed by six carbon atoms and contains double bonds. Its greatest hazard is toxicity.
✔✔Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature - ✔✔when this temperature is
reached by some portion of the mass of the organic peroxide, irreversible
decomposition will begin. This reaction can be violent, usually rupturing the vessel or
container dispersing peroxide, liquid, and gaseous decomposition products
considerable distances.
✔✔Solubility - ✔✔ability of a substance to form a solution with water can be important
when determining control methods. Solubility can be measured - sugar is soluble in
water to a certain amount.
✔✔Solution - ✔✔mixture in which all of the ingredients are completely dissolved.
✔✔Slurry - ✔✔pourable mixture of a solid and a liquid.
✔✔Specific Gravity - ✔✔weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of
water.
✔✔Strength - ✔✔the concentration of a solution. In corrosives, strength refers to the
degree of ionization of an acid or a base in the water.
✔✔Sublimation - ✔✔the ability of a substance to change from the solid to the vapor
phase without passing through the liquid phase.
✔✔Temperature of the Product - ✔✔influences the hazards present and the measures
taken to control an incident that involves the product.
✔✔Toxic Products of Combustion - ✔✔byproducts of the combustion process that are
harmful to humans. Some materials generate more highly toxic gases than others do;
therefore, appropriate levels of protective clothing and equipment must be used to
counter them.
✔✔Vapor Density - ✔✔weight of a vapor compared to air.
, ✔✔Vapor Pressure - ✔✔the pressure exerted on the inside of a closed container by the
vapor in the space above the liquid in the container. Products with high vapor pressures
have a greater potential to breach their containers when heated, because the pressure
increases as the temp rises. Products with high vapor pressures are more volatile.
Vapor pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury. The vapor pressure of water is
21mm mercury at 73 degrees F, and the vapor pressure of chlorine is 4800mm
mercury.
✔✔Vesicants - ✔✔Agents are extremely toxic, with symptoms of exposure not
appearing for minutes, hours, or days. (Blister Agents)
✔✔Viscosity - ✔✔measure of the thickness of a liquid, determines how easily it flows.
During an incident this will affect the flow away from the leaking container, expanding
the endangered area.
✔✔Volatility - ✔✔ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into the vapor state. During
an incident this will affect the dispersion in air and expand the endangered area.
✔✔Count per Minute (CPM) and Kilocounts per Minutet (KCPM) - ✔✔number of atoms
decayed in 1 minute.
✔✔Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) - ✔✔max level of a hazmat to
which a healthy worker can be exposed without suffering irreversible health effects or
impairment.
✔✔Incubation Period - ✔✔period of latency between exposure to a pathogen and onset
of symptoms.
✔✔Infectious Dose - ✔✔the amount of a pathogen necessary to manifest its
pathogenicity. It is dependent on pathogenic variables as well as host variables such as
health, gender, predisposition, and several others.
✔✔Lethal Concentration 50 - ✔✔the amount of a material in air that, on the basis of
laboratory tests (inhalation route), is expected to kill 50% of a group of test animals.
✔✔Lethal Dose 50 - ✔✔single dose that causes the death of 50% of a group of test
animals through methods other than inhalation.
✔✔Parts Per Million - ✔✔ratio of amount of one substance to another, expressed as a
unit of solute dissolved in one million units of solution. Denotes the number of units of
one substance relative to one million units of another substance.
✔✔Parts Per Billion - ✔✔the number of units of one substance relative to one billion
units of another substance.
AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Polymerization - ✔✔any process in which relatively small molecules, called
monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule,
called a polymer.
✔✔Radioactivity - ✔✔spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a
nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus.
✔✔Alpha - ✔✔positively charged particle emitted by some radioactive materials and is
not considered dangerous unless ingested.
✔✔Beta - ✔✔a small particle ejected from a radioactive atom with more penetrating
power than Alpha, can cause the same internal damage as Alpha particles. Beta
particles will penetrate only a fraction of an inch of skin tissue and can travel distance of
2.1m (7ft). Firefighter PPE including SCBA can guard against Beta particles.
✔✔Gamma Ray/Radiation - ✔✔electromagnetic radiation of high energy. Gamma rays
are the most penetrating type of radiation and represent a major external hazard and
can penetrate human tissue. They originate from the nucleus of an atom, move at the
speed of light and are the most dangerous form of radiation. Time, distance and
shielding (lead, cement, and water) can protect Gamma rays.
✔✔Reactivity - ✔✔a substance's propensity to release energy or undergo change, for
example; self-reaction, polymerization, or violent reaction.
✔✔Water Reactivity - ✔✔describes the sensitivity of a material to water without the
addition of heat or confinement.
✔✔Riot Control Agents (Tear Gas) - ✔✔chemical compounds that temporarily make
people unable to function by causing irritation to the eyes, mouth, throat, lungs, and
skin.
,✔✔Saturated Hydrocarbons - ✔✔hydrocarbons that contain ONLY single bonds. Called
alkanes or paraffin hydrocarbons. (Methane, butane)
✔✔Unsaturated Hydrocarbons - ✔✔materials that have at least one multiple bond
between two carbon atoms somewhere in the molecule, which causes them to be more
hazardous. Those with at least one double bond are called alkenes and those with at
least one triple bond are called alkynes.
✔✔Aromatic Hydrocarbons - ✔✔materials that contain the benzene ring, which is
formed by six carbon atoms and contains double bonds. Its greatest hazard is toxicity.
✔✔Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature - ✔✔when this temperature is
reached by some portion of the mass of the organic peroxide, irreversible
decomposition will begin. This reaction can be violent, usually rupturing the vessel or
container dispersing peroxide, liquid, and gaseous decomposition products
considerable distances.
✔✔Solubility - ✔✔ability of a substance to form a solution with water can be important
when determining control methods. Solubility can be measured - sugar is soluble in
water to a certain amount.
✔✔Solution - ✔✔mixture in which all of the ingredients are completely dissolved.
✔✔Slurry - ✔✔pourable mixture of a solid and a liquid.
✔✔Specific Gravity - ✔✔weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of
water.
✔✔Strength - ✔✔the concentration of a solution. In corrosives, strength refers to the
degree of ionization of an acid or a base in the water.
✔✔Sublimation - ✔✔the ability of a substance to change from the solid to the vapor
phase without passing through the liquid phase.
✔✔Temperature of the Product - ✔✔influences the hazards present and the measures
taken to control an incident that involves the product.
✔✔Toxic Products of Combustion - ✔✔byproducts of the combustion process that are
harmful to humans. Some materials generate more highly toxic gases than others do;
therefore, appropriate levels of protective clothing and equipment must be used to
counter them.
✔✔Vapor Density - ✔✔weight of a vapor compared to air.
, ✔✔Vapor Pressure - ✔✔the pressure exerted on the inside of a closed container by the
vapor in the space above the liquid in the container. Products with high vapor pressures
have a greater potential to breach their containers when heated, because the pressure
increases as the temp rises. Products with high vapor pressures are more volatile.
Vapor pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury. The vapor pressure of water is
21mm mercury at 73 degrees F, and the vapor pressure of chlorine is 4800mm
mercury.
✔✔Vesicants - ✔✔Agents are extremely toxic, with symptoms of exposure not
appearing for minutes, hours, or days. (Blister Agents)
✔✔Viscosity - ✔✔measure of the thickness of a liquid, determines how easily it flows.
During an incident this will affect the flow away from the leaking container, expanding
the endangered area.
✔✔Volatility - ✔✔ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into the vapor state. During
an incident this will affect the dispersion in air and expand the endangered area.
✔✔Count per Minute (CPM) and Kilocounts per Minutet (KCPM) - ✔✔number of atoms
decayed in 1 minute.
✔✔Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) - ✔✔max level of a hazmat to
which a healthy worker can be exposed without suffering irreversible health effects or
impairment.
✔✔Incubation Period - ✔✔period of latency between exposure to a pathogen and onset
of symptoms.
✔✔Infectious Dose - ✔✔the amount of a pathogen necessary to manifest its
pathogenicity. It is dependent on pathogenic variables as well as host variables such as
health, gender, predisposition, and several others.
✔✔Lethal Concentration 50 - ✔✔the amount of a material in air that, on the basis of
laboratory tests (inhalation route), is expected to kill 50% of a group of test animals.
✔✔Lethal Dose 50 - ✔✔single dose that causes the death of 50% of a group of test
animals through methods other than inhalation.
✔✔Parts Per Million - ✔✔ratio of amount of one substance to another, expressed as a
unit of solute dissolved in one million units of solution. Denotes the number of units of
one substance relative to one million units of another substance.
✔✔Parts Per Billion - ✔✔the number of units of one substance relative to one billion
units of another substance.
