NSG 1400 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2026/2027 | Inflammation, Infection, Wound Care, Perfusion, Pain & Stress

This NSG 1400 Final Exam 2026/2027 Questions and Answers document provides a focused 9-page nursing final-exam review covering inflammation, infection, pressure injuries and wound care, immunodeficiency, laboratory values, respiratory assessment, perfusion, mobility, pain management, stress and coping, sensory function, reproductive health, and immunization concepts. Presented in a direct question-and-answer format, the material is designed for efficient review of assessment findings, nursing interventions, laboratory concepts, and patient-care priorities. The opening section concentrates on acute and systemic inflammation and infection. Students review redness, swelling, heat, pain and loss of function as signs of acute inflammation, systemic manifestations, laboratory assessment using WBC with differential, C-reactive protein (CRP), ESR, culture and sensitivity, and patient factors associated with infection risk. The material also distinguishes primary and secondary immunodeficiency and identifies nursing priorities for patients with impaired immune function, including infection prevention, nutrition, hydration, exercise, risk reduction and immunization. A significant portion addresses pressure injuries, skin integrity, and wound healing. The document reviews the Braden Scale and nursing interventions for patients at very high risk of pressure injury, including repositioning, nutrition, skin care and cleansing. It differentiates Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4 and unstageable wounds, including concepts such as nonblanchable erythema, partial- and full-thickness tissue loss, undermining, tunneling, exposed deeper structures, necrotic tissue and eschar. Normal wound healing is organized into inflammation, granulation and maturation phases, while wound color, edema, temperature, margins, exudate and pain are identified as assessment considerations. The clinical-assessment section reviews respiration, oxygenation, perfusion, mobility and age-related changes. Students encounter independent and dependent nursing interventions for respiratory distress and perfusion concerns alongside assessment of breathing, oxygen saturation, skin color, capillary refill, chest expansion, tracheal position, vital signs, pulses, orientation and extremity temperature. Mobility assessment includes pain with movement, balance, fatigue, fall history, activities of daily living, range of motion, joint symmetry and muscle strength. The document also covers pain assessment and nursing pain management. It distinguishes several assessment tools, including FLACC, NIPS, APPT, PAINAD, numeric rating, Wong-Baker Faces and POSS, and reviews how pain can trigger physiological stress responses involving cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Nonpharmacological pain-management strategies addressed include massage, positioning, music, aromatherapy, physical therapy and environmental modification. Another important area is stress, coping and General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). The material discusses primary and secondary appraisal, previous coping patterns, social and medical circumstances, and the three GAS stages of alarm, resistance and exhaustion. Nursing responsibilities include helping patients recognize and minimize stressors, providing support and education, facilitating rehabilitation and lifestyle modification, encouraging social and community resources, and monitoring relevant factors such as cortisol. Caregiver burden and approaches to cognitive and sensory impairment are also included. The final topics broaden the review to hearing assessment, dry sterile dressing procedures, reproductive and sexual health across the lifespan, contraception and safe-sex concepts, influenza vaccination, and pneumococcal vaccination. Overall, the document combines foundational nursing assessment with practical interventions and patient-care priorities, making it useful for comprehensive NSG 1400 final-exam revision. Relevant Students: NSG 1400 students, nursing fundamentals students, BSN students, ADN students, RN students, LPN/LVN students, pre-nursing students, clinical nursing students, nursing students preparing for final examinations, and students reviewing inflammation, infection control, wound care, respiratory assessment, perfusion, mobility, pain, stress and coping, immunodeficiency, and patient safety. 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