NS 1400 Test 2 Questions & Answers 2026/2027 | Obesity, Social Ecological Model, COM-B, Nutrition, Health Economics & SSB Taxes

This NS 1400 Test 2 2026/2027 study document provides a comprehensive 29-page question-and-answer review of obesity, nutrition and food-choice behavior, health behavior change, social ecology, energy balance, health economics, workplace wellness, and public-health interventions. It begins with Healthy People 2030 obesity objectives and examines physical activity, food, and sleep as contributors to obesity before introducing the Social Ecological Model and its individual/intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal levels. The material emphasizes interactions among individuals, behaviors, and social and physical environments when explaining health outcomes. A substantial section addresses nutrition behavior and determinants of food choice. The document organizes these determinants into biologically determined behaviors, experiences with food, person-related determinants, and social/environmental influences. Specific topics include taste and pleasure, hunger and fullness, sensory-specific satiety, food neophobia, early childhood food experiences, social conditioning, role modeling, parenting practices and styles, mealtime environments, portion sizes, food preferences, price, availability, accessibility, food insecurity, education, shopping patterns, cultural context, and the built environment. The document provides detailed coverage of behavior-change theories and intervention frameworks, including the three-legged stool model, the COM-B Model, Behavior Change Wheel, Social Ecological Model, and Stages of Change. COM-B is explained through Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation, including psychological and physical capability, reflective and automatic motivation, and physical and social opportunity. The material also distinguishes motivational “why-to” knowledge from functional “how-to” knowledge and reviews precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance as stages of behavioral change. Another major section examines obesity prevalence, energy intake, energy expenditure, physical activity, food environments, and socioeconomic influences. Topics include obesity and severe-obesity trends, differences associated with education and income, modifiable and nonmodifiable components of energy expenditure, leisure and occupational activity, food consumed away from home, fast-food access, relative food prices, technological changes in food production and preparation, and changes in time allocation. The document also classifies foods by degree of processing, ranging from minimally processed foods to ultra-processed foods, and discusses patterns in their consumption. The health-economics section explores the consequences of obesity through direct medical costs, productivity costs, wages, employment, absenteeism, presenteeism, and economic externalities. Research discussed within the material includes Finkelstein et al. (2003), Cawley and Meyerhoefer (2012), and Cawley et al. (2021) in relation to healthcare expenditures and productivity. The document further examines employer-sponsored workplace wellness programs, biometric screening, health-risk assessments, randomized controlled trials, selection bias, and findings from the Illinois Workplace Wellness Study. The final portion evaluates public-health approaches to obesity and diet, with particular attention to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). It covers SSB consumption, weight gain, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, taxation, externalities, price elasticity of demand, tax pass-through, product reformulation, tiered taxation, menu labeling, food architecture, and food deserts. The material concludes by raising economic and health-equity questions surrounding access and payment for obesity treatments such as Ozempic and Wegovy. Relevant Students: NS 1400 students, public health students, health science students, nutrition students, nursing and pre-nursing students, health economics students, population health students, behavioral science students, students studying obesity prevention, and students preparing for exams covering social ecology, COM-B, nutrition behavior, obesity economics, workplace wellness, and public-health interventions. 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