OPENSTAX ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 3 |
FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH
CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Active Transport Answer: Form of transport across the cell membrane that requires input of
cellular energy
Amphipathic Answer: Describes a molecule that exhibits a difference in polarity between its
two ends, resulting in a difference in water solubility
Anaphase Answer: Third stage of mitosis (and meiosis), during which sister chromatids
separate into two new nuclear regions of a dividing cell
Anticodon Answer: Consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is
complementary to a specific codon on an mRNA molecule
Autolysis Answer: Breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action
Autophagy Answer: Lysosomal breakdown of a cell's own components
Cell Cycle Answer: Life cycle of a single cell, from its birth until its division into two new
daughter cells
Cell Membrane Answer: Membrane surrounding all animal cells, composed of a lipid bilayer
interspersed with various molecules; also known as plasma membrane
Centriole Answer: Small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule
growth and moves DNA during cell division
Centromere Answer: Region of attachment for two sister chromatids
Centrosome Answer: Cellular structure that organizes microtubules during cell division
Channel Protein Answer: Membrane-spanning protein that has an inner pore which allows the
passage of one or more substances
Checkpoint Answer: Progress point in the cell cycle during which certain conditions must be
met in order for the cell to proceed to a subsequence phase
Chromatin Answer: Substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins
Chromosome Answer: Condensed version of chromatin
Cilia Answer: Small appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for
movement of materials across the cellular surface
Cleavage Furrow Answer: Contractile ring that forms around a cell during cytokinesis that
pinches the cell into two halves
Codon Answer: Consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that
corresponds to a specific amino acid
Concentration Gradient Answer: Difference in the concentration of a substance between two
regions
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY WITH
CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, Active Transport Answer: Form of transport across the cell membrane that requires input of
cellular energy
Amphipathic Answer: Describes a molecule that exhibits a difference in polarity between its
two ends, resulting in a difference in water solubility
Anaphase Answer: Third stage of mitosis (and meiosis), during which sister chromatids
separate into two new nuclear regions of a dividing cell
Anticodon Answer: Consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is
complementary to a specific codon on an mRNA molecule
Autolysis Answer: Breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action
Autophagy Answer: Lysosomal breakdown of a cell's own components
Cell Cycle Answer: Life cycle of a single cell, from its birth until its division into two new
daughter cells
Cell Membrane Answer: Membrane surrounding all animal cells, composed of a lipid bilayer
interspersed with various molecules; also known as plasma membrane
Centriole Answer: Small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule
growth and moves DNA during cell division
Centromere Answer: Region of attachment for two sister chromatids
Centrosome Answer: Cellular structure that organizes microtubules during cell division
Channel Protein Answer: Membrane-spanning protein that has an inner pore which allows the
passage of one or more substances
Checkpoint Answer: Progress point in the cell cycle during which certain conditions must be
met in order for the cell to proceed to a subsequence phase
Chromatin Answer: Substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins
Chromosome Answer: Condensed version of chromatin
Cilia Answer: Small appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for
movement of materials across the cellular surface
Cleavage Furrow Answer: Contractile ring that forms around a cell during cytokinesis that
pinches the cell into two halves
Codon Answer: Consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that
corresponds to a specific amino acid
Concentration Gradient Answer: Difference in the concentration of a substance between two
regions
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
