Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1
Study Guide | Practice Questions &
Exam Prep
2026/2027
,A certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people A
in the country and 1,000 people contract the disease
yearly. The population of the country is 4,500,000. Which
of the following statements is correct?
a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence
is .02%.
b. The prevalence of the disease is .02% and the
incidence is 10%.
c. Neither is correct.
d. There is insufficient data
In relation to disease development, the term "etiology" B
refers to which of the following?
a.number of people with the disease
b. cause of the disease
c. definition of the disease
d. outcome of the disease
Which of the following is(are) true about "symptoms"? D
a. objective and measurable
b. the same as "signs"
c. both of the above
d. neither of the above
In 1992, there were 980 deaths in a Midwestern city with a B
population of 1,000,000. At the beginning of that year, 900
cases of AIDS existed in this population. During the year,
250 new cases of AIDS were diagnosed, and 75 people
died of the disease in 1992.
Using the data given above, what was the incidence rate
(per 100,000 population) at the end of 1992 for AIDS?
a. 6
b. 25
c. 88
d. 116
What level of prevention is a blood pressure screening B
program for high school students who are pregnant?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
Mr. Forbes complains of "indigestion" and becomes sweaty C
and pale. His wife takes him to the Emergency Department
at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. A cardiac
catheterization 2 days later shows partial blockage of his
right coronary artery (RCA).
Blockage of the right coronary artery can lead to
myocardial cell injury because it results in which of the
following?
a. bilirubin accumulation in myocardial cells
b. alteration in the genetic material of myocardial cells
c. reduced energy production in myocardial cells
d. activation of the complement system
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K A
membrane pump may be impaired. Which of the following
may then result?
a.intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
d. all of the above
, Mr. Forbes is being prepared for open heart surgery when A
he suffers a myocardial infarction in which a large part of
his left ventricle has suffered lethal cell injury.
Mr. Forbes' CPK-MB and LDH1, enzymes associated with
myocardial cells, are significantly elevated. What is the
best explanation for this?
a. It is a sign that necrotic myocardial cells have released
their cytoplasmic contents into the blood.
b. It is a sign of reversible fatty accumulation in the
myocardial cells
c. It is a sign that the myocardial cells are undergoing
hypertrophy.
d. None of the above.
If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for D
examination from Mr. Forbes, which of the following
findings would indicate irreversible cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material
The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired B
energy production results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss C
Alps and has lost all his equipment and supplies in an
avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury due to
impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in
ATP is which of the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above
An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle A
cerebral artery. The brain tissue supplied by this artery
becomes hypoxic. The best explanation for this is which of
the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the
blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces
oxygen content in the blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia
Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to C
liver cells can result in fat accumulation. Which of the
following problems results in increased mobilization of free
fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia
Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic B
metabolism in cells. Anaerobic metabolism results in which
of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells
Study Guide | Practice Questions &
Exam Prep
2026/2027
,A certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people A
in the country and 1,000 people contract the disease
yearly. The population of the country is 4,500,000. Which
of the following statements is correct?
a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence
is .02%.
b. The prevalence of the disease is .02% and the
incidence is 10%.
c. Neither is correct.
d. There is insufficient data
In relation to disease development, the term "etiology" B
refers to which of the following?
a.number of people with the disease
b. cause of the disease
c. definition of the disease
d. outcome of the disease
Which of the following is(are) true about "symptoms"? D
a. objective and measurable
b. the same as "signs"
c. both of the above
d. neither of the above
In 1992, there were 980 deaths in a Midwestern city with a B
population of 1,000,000. At the beginning of that year, 900
cases of AIDS existed in this population. During the year,
250 new cases of AIDS were diagnosed, and 75 people
died of the disease in 1992.
Using the data given above, what was the incidence rate
(per 100,000 population) at the end of 1992 for AIDS?
a. 6
b. 25
c. 88
d. 116
What level of prevention is a blood pressure screening B
program for high school students who are pregnant?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
Mr. Forbes complains of "indigestion" and becomes sweaty C
and pale. His wife takes him to the Emergency Department
at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. A cardiac
catheterization 2 days later shows partial blockage of his
right coronary artery (RCA).
Blockage of the right coronary artery can lead to
myocardial cell injury because it results in which of the
following?
a. bilirubin accumulation in myocardial cells
b. alteration in the genetic material of myocardial cells
c. reduced energy production in myocardial cells
d. activation of the complement system
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K A
membrane pump may be impaired. Which of the following
may then result?
a.intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
d. all of the above
, Mr. Forbes is being prepared for open heart surgery when A
he suffers a myocardial infarction in which a large part of
his left ventricle has suffered lethal cell injury.
Mr. Forbes' CPK-MB and LDH1, enzymes associated with
myocardial cells, are significantly elevated. What is the
best explanation for this?
a. It is a sign that necrotic myocardial cells have released
their cytoplasmic contents into the blood.
b. It is a sign of reversible fatty accumulation in the
myocardial cells
c. It is a sign that the myocardial cells are undergoing
hypertrophy.
d. None of the above.
If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for D
examination from Mr. Forbes, which of the following
findings would indicate irreversible cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material
The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired B
energy production results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss C
Alps and has lost all his equipment and supplies in an
avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury due to
impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in
ATP is which of the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above
An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle A
cerebral artery. The brain tissue supplied by this artery
becomes hypoxic. The best explanation for this is which of
the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the
blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces
oxygen content in the blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia
Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to C
liver cells can result in fat accumulation. Which of the
following problems results in increased mobilization of free
fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia
Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic B
metabolism in cells. Anaerobic metabolism results in which
of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells
