DD301 CRIME AND JUSTICE ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
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Terms in this set (94)
Abolitionism A sociological and political perspective that
analyses criminal justice and penal systems as social
problems that intensify rather than diminish crime
and its impact. Abolitionists advocate the radical
transformation of the prison and punishment system
and their replacement with a reflexive and
integrative strategy for dealing with crime and harm.
Actuarialism The classification of populations according to their
assumed level of risk of future
offending/reoffending.
,Anti-social behaviour The concept of antisocial behaviour (ASB) is usually
invoked to refer to such issues as youths causing
'trouble', noise, vandalism, abandoned vehicles,
litter, graffiti and drunkenness. But definitions of ASB
are highly contested and, in the eyes of many,
legally quite imprecise. The definition of ASB in
England and Wales is left intentionally very wide,
involving, according to the Home Office 'acting in a
manner that caused or was likely to cause
harassment, alarm or distress to one or more
persons not of the same household (as) the
defendant'. Nevertheless it is typically applied to
individual (usually youthful) behaviour and rarely
applied to the harmful activities, for example, of
some corporate and state practices.
Authoritarianism The mobilisation of state power to promote
regulation and secure the dominance of particular
groups or nations through repressive political and
criminal justice agendas.
Biometric surveillance Biometric surveillance refers to the measurement of
the body to corroborate identity, for example
through fingerprints, iris scans, and facial
recognition.
Carceral society The notion that, as systems of surveillance increase,
forms of control pioneered in the nineteenthcentury
prison are replicated throughout the social order.
, Chicago school of sociology A school of sociological inquiry developed in the
1930s and renowned for establishing links between
environmental factors and crime. A 'second' Chicago
school developed in the 1950s that was more
heavily influenced by symbolic interactionism.
Classical school An approach to the study of crime and criminality
that is underpinned by the notion of rational action
and free will. It was developed in the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth century by
reformers who aimed to create a clear and
legitimate criminal justice system based upon
equality. At its core is the idea that punishment
should be proportionate to the criminal act and
should be viewed as a deterrent. Further
assumptions include the notion of individual choice
within a consensual society based upon a social
contract and the common interest.
Commodification A term which usually refers to the placing of a
monetary or market value on something which was
previously assumed to constitute public or private
'goods'. Notably, the term has been used with
reference to the body, with feminists arguing that
commodification of the female body can be seen in
the way the latter has been sexualised, used in
marketing campaigns and 'sold' in various ways
which serve to demean women.
Community justice A term deployed generally to describe a range of
conflict resolution strategies, usually associated with
informal and restorative forms of justice.
Corporate crime Offences committed by business corporations in the
furtherance of profit.
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (94)
Abolitionism A sociological and political perspective that
analyses criminal justice and penal systems as social
problems that intensify rather than diminish crime
and its impact. Abolitionists advocate the radical
transformation of the prison and punishment system
and their replacement with a reflexive and
integrative strategy for dealing with crime and harm.
Actuarialism The classification of populations according to their
assumed level of risk of future
offending/reoffending.
,Anti-social behaviour The concept of antisocial behaviour (ASB) is usually
invoked to refer to such issues as youths causing
'trouble', noise, vandalism, abandoned vehicles,
litter, graffiti and drunkenness. But definitions of ASB
are highly contested and, in the eyes of many,
legally quite imprecise. The definition of ASB in
England and Wales is left intentionally very wide,
involving, according to the Home Office 'acting in a
manner that caused or was likely to cause
harassment, alarm or distress to one or more
persons not of the same household (as) the
defendant'. Nevertheless it is typically applied to
individual (usually youthful) behaviour and rarely
applied to the harmful activities, for example, of
some corporate and state practices.
Authoritarianism The mobilisation of state power to promote
regulation and secure the dominance of particular
groups or nations through repressive political and
criminal justice agendas.
Biometric surveillance Biometric surveillance refers to the measurement of
the body to corroborate identity, for example
through fingerprints, iris scans, and facial
recognition.
Carceral society The notion that, as systems of surveillance increase,
forms of control pioneered in the nineteenthcentury
prison are replicated throughout the social order.
, Chicago school of sociology A school of sociological inquiry developed in the
1930s and renowned for establishing links between
environmental factors and crime. A 'second' Chicago
school developed in the 1950s that was more
heavily influenced by symbolic interactionism.
Classical school An approach to the study of crime and criminality
that is underpinned by the notion of rational action
and free will. It was developed in the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth century by
reformers who aimed to create a clear and
legitimate criminal justice system based upon
equality. At its core is the idea that punishment
should be proportionate to the criminal act and
should be viewed as a deterrent. Further
assumptions include the notion of individual choice
within a consensual society based upon a social
contract and the common interest.
Commodification A term which usually refers to the placing of a
monetary or market value on something which was
previously assumed to constitute public or private
'goods'. Notably, the term has been used with
reference to the body, with feminists arguing that
commodification of the female body can be seen in
the way the latter has been sexualised, used in
marketing campaigns and 'sold' in various ways
which serve to demean women.
Community justice A term deployed generally to describe a range of
conflict resolution strategies, usually associated with
informal and restorative forms of justice.
Corporate crime Offences committed by business corporations in the
furtherance of profit.
