Hack The Box Eloquia — Writeup

HTB - Networking Foundations

LAN - ANS>>Connects devices over a short distance (home, school, office). Small area, single
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ownership.
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WAN - ANS>>Spans large geographical areas (cities, countries, continents). Collective
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ownership, slower speed.
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OSI Model - ANS>>A 7-layer conceptual framework that standardizes networking functions for
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interoperability.
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Physical Layer - ANS>>Transmits raw bits over physical medium. Hardware: cables, hubs,
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repeaters.
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Data Link Layer - ANS>>Node-to-node transfer, error detection/correction. Devices: switches,
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bridges, uses MAC addresses.
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Network Layer - ANS>>Packet forwarding, routing, logical addressing. Device: routers. Protocol:
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IP.
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Transport Layer - ANS>>End-to-end communication, reliability, segmentation, flow control.
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Protocols: TCP, UDP.
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Session Layer - ANS>>Manages sessions between apps, maintains connections, supports
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checkpointing and recovery.
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Presentation Layer - ANS>>Data translation, encryption/decryption, compression, ensures
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compatibility.
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Application Layer - ANS>>Provides services to end-user apps: HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS.
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, HTB - Networking Foundations



TCP/IP Model - ANS>>Practical networking model with 4 layers (Link, Internet, Transport,
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Application).
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Link Layer - ANS>>Handles physical aspects and framing. Technologies: Ethernet, Wi-Fi.
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Corresponds to OSI Layer 1.
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Internet Layer - ANS>>Logical addressing and routing. Protocols: IP, ICMP. Corresponds to OSI
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Layer 3.
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Application Protocols - ANS>>Protocols for specific services (HTTP, FTP, SMTP). Corresponds to
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OSI Layers 5-7.
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HTTP - ANS>>Application Layer protocol for transferring web pages.
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FTP - ANS>>Application Layer protocol for transferring files between systems.
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SMTP - ANS>>Application Layer protocol for sending email between servers.
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TCP - ANS>>Transport Layer protocol ensuring reliable, ordered delivery with error checking.
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UDP - ANS>>Transport Layer protocol for fast, connectionless communication without
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reliability.
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IP - ANS>>Internet Layer protocol for addressing and routing packets across networks.
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Transmission - ANS>>Process of sending data signals over a medium from one device to
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another.
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