ARDMS ECHO TEST PAPER ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔asd, pfo, vsd,ps - ✔✔associated anomalies with Einstein
✔✔parasternal lax view of the right ventricular inflow tract - ✔✔view that allows
evaluation of the posterior tricuspid leaflet
✔✔akinetic myocardium - ✔✔areas of muscle with no contraction
✔✔myxoma - ✔✔a benign cardiac tumor that is usually attached by a stalk to the
interatrial septum.
✔✔myxoma - ✔✔is the most common benign tumor found in adults
✔✔interatrial septum - ✔✔a myxoma is usually attached to the (blank) by a stlk on the
left atrial side
✔✔LA - ✔✔myxoma most commonly found in which chamber
✔✔false tendon - ✔✔(test) sheath located in the RV in PLAX between the RV and
septum
✔✔subvalvular pulmonic stenosis - ✔✔(test)sinus of valsalva aneurysm may cause
(blank) if it protrudes into the right ventricle outflow tract
✔✔dilation of valsalva, proximal aorta/ascending aprta, aortic dissection, holosystolic
mitral valve prolapse, MR,TVP,TR,AI, - ✔✔2d echo findings of marfan sydrome
✔✔coarctation of the aorta - ✔✔congenital cardiac condition characterized by a
narrowing of the aorta typically is the aortic isthmus
,✔✔between the left subclavian artery and the first intercostal artery - ✔✔where is the
aortic isthmus located
✔✔bicuspid aortic valve, valvular aortic stenosis, subvalvular aortic stenosis, pda, vsd -
✔✔coarctation of the aorta is often associated with other congenital annomalies such as
✔✔elevated, decreased - ✔✔typically the blood pressure is (blank) above the
coarctation and (blank) below the coarctation. conpare the blood pressure in the upper
extremities vs the lower (test ? image/ video with velocities
✔✔Eisenmenger syndrome - ✔✔reversal of a congenital shunt from left to right to right
to left secondary to irreversible elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and severe
pulmonary hypertension
✔✔vsd, dextroposition of the aorta, phtn, and right ventricular hypertrophy -
✔✔Eisenmenger's complex is defined as a cyanotic heart defect consisting of
✔✔at the junction of the IVC and the RA - ✔✔eustachian valve is located at
✔✔RA - ✔✔chairi network is seen in the
✔✔1.2-2.3cm - ✔✔IVC diameter
✔✔Eustachian valve - ✔✔during fetal circulation this plays an important role in directing
flow across the RA and through the Foramen ovale
✔✔Chiari network - ✔✔may posess a web-like structure within the RA and is usually
seen
✔✔1 inch - ✔✔the cs is approximately
✔✔Thebesian valve - ✔✔is located between the cs and the RA
✔✔coronary sinus - ✔✔empties into the right atrium
✔✔60% - ✔✔the coronary sinus has the lowest O2 saturation in the body
✔✔branches of the aorta - ✔✔brachiocephalic (innominate) artery, left common carotid
artery, left subclavian artery
✔✔the normal LV pressure - ✔✔100-140mmhg (peak systolic)/3-12mmhg (end
diastolic)
, ✔✔normal LV oxygen saturation - ✔✔98%
✔✔what gives rise to the right coronary artery - ✔✔right coronary cusps
✔✔gives rise to the left coronary artery - ✔✔left coronary cups
✔✔normal aortic root diameter end diastole - ✔✔2.0-3.7
✔✔the normal AV velocity - ✔✔1.0-1.7m/sec
✔✔the normal pressure within the Aorta - ✔✔100-140mmhg/60-90mmhg
✔✔largest of the three branches off of the aorta - ✔✔brachiocephalic
✔✔the area between the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosum is known
as the - ✔✔aortic isthmus
✔✔area of the aorta prone to aortic dissection - ✔✔aortic isthmus
✔✔Tetralogy of Fallot - ✔✔congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects
1) large overriding aorta 2) malalignment ventricular septal defect 3) pulmonary stenosis
and 4) right ventricular hypertrophy
✔✔(test) major component to remember on exam of tetrology of fallot - ✔✔pulmonic
stenosis
✔✔normal MV orifice - ✔✔4-6cm^2
✔✔what kind of valve is the saint Jude(test) - ✔✔bileaflet tilting disc
✔✔is an abnormal leak around a prosthetic valve. (test) - ✔✔perivalvular
✔✔best view for cleft mitral valve leaflet (test) - ✔✔sax
✔✔most common cause of Pulmononic stensosis - ✔✔congenital
✔✔if you suspect pulmonic stenosis what measurements should be taken -
✔✔Pressure gradient (modified bernoulli's) 4(V)2 & Peak Velocity (tracing the peak CW
Doppler waveform)
✔✔how can the degree of Pulmonic stenosis be determined? - ✔✔peak pressure
gradient method 4(V)2 (Bernoulli)
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔asd, pfo, vsd,ps - ✔✔associated anomalies with Einstein
✔✔parasternal lax view of the right ventricular inflow tract - ✔✔view that allows
evaluation of the posterior tricuspid leaflet
✔✔akinetic myocardium - ✔✔areas of muscle with no contraction
✔✔myxoma - ✔✔a benign cardiac tumor that is usually attached by a stalk to the
interatrial septum.
✔✔myxoma - ✔✔is the most common benign tumor found in adults
✔✔interatrial septum - ✔✔a myxoma is usually attached to the (blank) by a stlk on the
left atrial side
✔✔LA - ✔✔myxoma most commonly found in which chamber
✔✔false tendon - ✔✔(test) sheath located in the RV in PLAX between the RV and
septum
✔✔subvalvular pulmonic stenosis - ✔✔(test)sinus of valsalva aneurysm may cause
(blank) if it protrudes into the right ventricle outflow tract
✔✔dilation of valsalva, proximal aorta/ascending aprta, aortic dissection, holosystolic
mitral valve prolapse, MR,TVP,TR,AI, - ✔✔2d echo findings of marfan sydrome
✔✔coarctation of the aorta - ✔✔congenital cardiac condition characterized by a
narrowing of the aorta typically is the aortic isthmus
,✔✔between the left subclavian artery and the first intercostal artery - ✔✔where is the
aortic isthmus located
✔✔bicuspid aortic valve, valvular aortic stenosis, subvalvular aortic stenosis, pda, vsd -
✔✔coarctation of the aorta is often associated with other congenital annomalies such as
✔✔elevated, decreased - ✔✔typically the blood pressure is (blank) above the
coarctation and (blank) below the coarctation. conpare the blood pressure in the upper
extremities vs the lower (test ? image/ video with velocities
✔✔Eisenmenger syndrome - ✔✔reversal of a congenital shunt from left to right to right
to left secondary to irreversible elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and severe
pulmonary hypertension
✔✔vsd, dextroposition of the aorta, phtn, and right ventricular hypertrophy -
✔✔Eisenmenger's complex is defined as a cyanotic heart defect consisting of
✔✔at the junction of the IVC and the RA - ✔✔eustachian valve is located at
✔✔RA - ✔✔chairi network is seen in the
✔✔1.2-2.3cm - ✔✔IVC diameter
✔✔Eustachian valve - ✔✔during fetal circulation this plays an important role in directing
flow across the RA and through the Foramen ovale
✔✔Chiari network - ✔✔may posess a web-like structure within the RA and is usually
seen
✔✔1 inch - ✔✔the cs is approximately
✔✔Thebesian valve - ✔✔is located between the cs and the RA
✔✔coronary sinus - ✔✔empties into the right atrium
✔✔60% - ✔✔the coronary sinus has the lowest O2 saturation in the body
✔✔branches of the aorta - ✔✔brachiocephalic (innominate) artery, left common carotid
artery, left subclavian artery
✔✔the normal LV pressure - ✔✔100-140mmhg (peak systolic)/3-12mmhg (end
diastolic)
, ✔✔normal LV oxygen saturation - ✔✔98%
✔✔what gives rise to the right coronary artery - ✔✔right coronary cusps
✔✔gives rise to the left coronary artery - ✔✔left coronary cups
✔✔normal aortic root diameter end diastole - ✔✔2.0-3.7
✔✔the normal AV velocity - ✔✔1.0-1.7m/sec
✔✔the normal pressure within the Aorta - ✔✔100-140mmhg/60-90mmhg
✔✔largest of the three branches off of the aorta - ✔✔brachiocephalic
✔✔the area between the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosum is known
as the - ✔✔aortic isthmus
✔✔area of the aorta prone to aortic dissection - ✔✔aortic isthmus
✔✔Tetralogy of Fallot - ✔✔congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects
1) large overriding aorta 2) malalignment ventricular septal defect 3) pulmonary stenosis
and 4) right ventricular hypertrophy
✔✔(test) major component to remember on exam of tetrology of fallot - ✔✔pulmonic
stenosis
✔✔normal MV orifice - ✔✔4-6cm^2
✔✔what kind of valve is the saint Jude(test) - ✔✔bileaflet tilting disc
✔✔is an abnormal leak around a prosthetic valve. (test) - ✔✔perivalvular
✔✔best view for cleft mitral valve leaflet (test) - ✔✔sax
✔✔most common cause of Pulmononic stensosis - ✔✔congenital
✔✔if you suspect pulmonic stenosis what measurements should be taken -
✔✔Pressure gradient (modified bernoulli's) 4(V)2 & Peak Velocity (tracing the peak CW
Doppler waveform)
✔✔how can the degree of Pulmonic stenosis be determined? - ✔✔peak pressure
gradient method 4(V)2 (Bernoulli)
