PHYSICAL GEOLOGY STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Shield Volcano - ✔✔broad slightly domed structure generated from very fluid
magma
ex. mauna loa in hawaii
✔✔Composite Volcano - ✔✔consists of pyroclastic layers and viscous andesitic lava
flow
Ex. mt, vesuvius in italy
✔✔Lahar - ✔✔a mudflow of volcanic ash, melting icec, and debris.
✔✔Calderas - ✔✔a large steep sides circular depression on volcano summit formed by
collapes after draining underlying magma champer
ex. long valley caldera, yellowstone
✔✔Flood Basalt - ✔✔Volcanos formed from extended fractures in the crust covering
large areas.
ex. columbia, and colorado plateau
✔✔Plutons - ✔✔large igneous bodies formed at dpeth in earths crust
✔✔Batholiths - ✔✔largest plutons, cut across layers of country rock until intrude
✔✔sills - ✔✔tabular, sheetlike body formed by interjection of magma between parallel
layers of pre-existing rocks
✔✔Dikes - ✔✔tabula bodies cut across layers of bedding in country rock.
✔✔Volcanic Necks - ✔✔erosional remains of igneous rocks or pipes connecting to
magma chambers
ex. ship rock, new mexico
, ✔✔lava flow - ✔✔most common
✔✔pyroclastic activity - ✔✔hot ash fall explosive ash flow
ex. mt pelee
✔✔Poisonous gases - ✔✔may cause acid rain, pollute water supply
✔✔Seismic activity - ✔✔generated by the upward movement of magma, providing early
warning
✔✔Geophysical Monitoring - ✔✔remote sensing or infrared air photo may detect rising
hotspot
✔✔Topographic Monitoring - ✔✔ground tilts and swells before it erupts
✔✔ Physical Geology - ✔✔Study of the earth materials (minerals, rocks) and geologic
processes (earthquakes, landslides, volcanism, flooding).
✔✔Historical Geology - ✔✔Study the origin and evolution of the earth.
✔✔Environmental Geology - ✔✔Study the interaction between human and
environment.
✔✔Inner core is? - ✔✔Solid
✔✔Outer Core is? - ✔✔Liquid
✔✔Cores chemical composition? - ✔✔Fe+Ni
✔✔Mantle - ✔✔Most solid, upper and lower
✔✔Crust - ✔✔Oceanic and Continental
✔✔Lithosphere - ✔✔Crust + Uppermost part of mantle.
Solid
✔✔Asthenosphere - ✔✔The upper mantle underlying lithosphere. materials are soft and
flowing
✔✔Igneous Rock - ✔✔Form when molten magma cool and solidifies.
✔✔Sedimentary Rock - ✔✔Weathering and erosion of rocks at surface produce
sediments. Transportation, deposition, lithification
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Shield Volcano - ✔✔broad slightly domed structure generated from very fluid
magma
ex. mauna loa in hawaii
✔✔Composite Volcano - ✔✔consists of pyroclastic layers and viscous andesitic lava
flow
Ex. mt, vesuvius in italy
✔✔Lahar - ✔✔a mudflow of volcanic ash, melting icec, and debris.
✔✔Calderas - ✔✔a large steep sides circular depression on volcano summit formed by
collapes after draining underlying magma champer
ex. long valley caldera, yellowstone
✔✔Flood Basalt - ✔✔Volcanos formed from extended fractures in the crust covering
large areas.
ex. columbia, and colorado plateau
✔✔Plutons - ✔✔large igneous bodies formed at dpeth in earths crust
✔✔Batholiths - ✔✔largest plutons, cut across layers of country rock until intrude
✔✔sills - ✔✔tabular, sheetlike body formed by interjection of magma between parallel
layers of pre-existing rocks
✔✔Dikes - ✔✔tabula bodies cut across layers of bedding in country rock.
✔✔Volcanic Necks - ✔✔erosional remains of igneous rocks or pipes connecting to
magma chambers
ex. ship rock, new mexico
, ✔✔lava flow - ✔✔most common
✔✔pyroclastic activity - ✔✔hot ash fall explosive ash flow
ex. mt pelee
✔✔Poisonous gases - ✔✔may cause acid rain, pollute water supply
✔✔Seismic activity - ✔✔generated by the upward movement of magma, providing early
warning
✔✔Geophysical Monitoring - ✔✔remote sensing or infrared air photo may detect rising
hotspot
✔✔Topographic Monitoring - ✔✔ground tilts and swells before it erupts
✔✔ Physical Geology - ✔✔Study of the earth materials (minerals, rocks) and geologic
processes (earthquakes, landslides, volcanism, flooding).
✔✔Historical Geology - ✔✔Study the origin and evolution of the earth.
✔✔Environmental Geology - ✔✔Study the interaction between human and
environment.
✔✔Inner core is? - ✔✔Solid
✔✔Outer Core is? - ✔✔Liquid
✔✔Cores chemical composition? - ✔✔Fe+Ni
✔✔Mantle - ✔✔Most solid, upper and lower
✔✔Crust - ✔✔Oceanic and Continental
✔✔Lithosphere - ✔✔Crust + Uppermost part of mantle.
Solid
✔✔Asthenosphere - ✔✔The upper mantle underlying lithosphere. materials are soft and
flowing
✔✔Igneous Rock - ✔✔Form when molten magma cool and solidifies.
✔✔Sedimentary Rock - ✔✔Weathering and erosion of rocks at surface produce
sediments. Transportation, deposition, lithification
