,NSG 122 Exam 2 Nursing Fundamental Concepts Questions And
Answers 2026/2027 HERZING UNIVERSITY
Q1. Which term describes the invasion of body tissues by
microorganisms that results in disease?
A) Colonization
B) Infection
C) Immunity
D) Inflammation
Correct Answer: B) Infection
Rationale: Infection occurs when pathogenic microorganisms invade tissues
and produce a harmful response. Colonization may involve microorganisms
being present without causing disease.
Q2. Which term describes microorganisms being present on or in a
person without causing disease?
A) Colonization
B) Infection
C) Sepsis
D) Inflammation
Correct Answer: A) Colonization
Rationale: Colonization means microorganisms are present without
producing the tissue damage or clinical illness associated with infection.
Q3. What is the primary purpose of medical asepsis?
A) Eliminate every microorganism from an object
B) Reduce the number and spread of pathogenic microorganisms
C) Sterilize all surgical equipment
D) Prevent all microorganisms from entering the environment
Correct Answer: B) Reduce the number and spread of pathogenic
microorganisms
Rationale: Medical asepsis, or clean technique, reduces the number and
transmission of microorganisms and is used during routine patient care.
Q4. What is the primary purpose of surgical asepsis?
A) Reduce microorganisms on intact skin only
B) Maintain an environment free of microorganisms during procedures
, requiring sterility
C) Replace hand hygiene
D) Clean contaminated floors
Correct Answer: B) Maintain an environment free of microorganisms during
procedures requiring sterility
Rationale: Surgical asepsis, or sterile technique, is used to prevent
introduction of microorganisms during procedures in which sterility is
required.
Q5. Which action is the most important routine measure for
reducing transmission of infection?
A) Wearing shoe covers
B) Hand hygiene
C) Wearing a surgical mask continuously
D) Using sterile gloves for every procedure
Correct Answer: B) Hand hygiene
Rationale: Effective hand hygiene is one of the most important
interventions for preventing transmission of microorganisms between clients,
healthcare workers, and the environment.
Q6. Which sequence correctly represents the chain of infection?
A) Reservoir → susceptible host → portal of exit → infectious agent →
transmission → portal of entry
B) Infectious agent → reservoir → portal of exit → mode of transmission →
portal of entry → susceptible host
C) Portal of entry → reservoir → infectious agent → susceptible host → portal
of exit → transmission
D) Susceptible host → infectious agent → portal of entry → reservoir →
transmission → portal of exit
Correct Answer: B) Infectious agent → reservoir → portal of exit → mode of
transmission → portal of entry → susceptible host
Rationale: The chain of infection consists of six links: infectious agent,
reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and
susceptible host.
Q7. Which is an example of a reservoir for microorganisms?
Answers 2026/2027 HERZING UNIVERSITY
Q1. Which term describes the invasion of body tissues by
microorganisms that results in disease?
A) Colonization
B) Infection
C) Immunity
D) Inflammation
Correct Answer: B) Infection
Rationale: Infection occurs when pathogenic microorganisms invade tissues
and produce a harmful response. Colonization may involve microorganisms
being present without causing disease.
Q2. Which term describes microorganisms being present on or in a
person without causing disease?
A) Colonization
B) Infection
C) Sepsis
D) Inflammation
Correct Answer: A) Colonization
Rationale: Colonization means microorganisms are present without
producing the tissue damage or clinical illness associated with infection.
Q3. What is the primary purpose of medical asepsis?
A) Eliminate every microorganism from an object
B) Reduce the number and spread of pathogenic microorganisms
C) Sterilize all surgical equipment
D) Prevent all microorganisms from entering the environment
Correct Answer: B) Reduce the number and spread of pathogenic
microorganisms
Rationale: Medical asepsis, or clean technique, reduces the number and
transmission of microorganisms and is used during routine patient care.
Q4. What is the primary purpose of surgical asepsis?
A) Reduce microorganisms on intact skin only
B) Maintain an environment free of microorganisms during procedures
, requiring sterility
C) Replace hand hygiene
D) Clean contaminated floors
Correct Answer: B) Maintain an environment free of microorganisms during
procedures requiring sterility
Rationale: Surgical asepsis, or sterile technique, is used to prevent
introduction of microorganisms during procedures in which sterility is
required.
Q5. Which action is the most important routine measure for
reducing transmission of infection?
A) Wearing shoe covers
B) Hand hygiene
C) Wearing a surgical mask continuously
D) Using sterile gloves for every procedure
Correct Answer: B) Hand hygiene
Rationale: Effective hand hygiene is one of the most important
interventions for preventing transmission of microorganisms between clients,
healthcare workers, and the environment.
Q6. Which sequence correctly represents the chain of infection?
A) Reservoir → susceptible host → portal of exit → infectious agent →
transmission → portal of entry
B) Infectious agent → reservoir → portal of exit → mode of transmission →
portal of entry → susceptible host
C) Portal of entry → reservoir → infectious agent → susceptible host → portal
of exit → transmission
D) Susceptible host → infectious agent → portal of entry → reservoir →
transmission → portal of exit
Correct Answer: B) Infectious agent → reservoir → portal of exit → mode of
transmission → portal of entry → susceptible host
Rationale: The chain of infection consists of six links: infectious agent,
reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and
susceptible host.
Q7. Which is an example of a reservoir for microorganisms?
