FIRE ACADEMY FINALS ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS
SET A+
✔✔3 concepts to preventing potential harm at a hazmat incident - ✔✔1. The variety of
materials encountered
2.Potential health effects of the material
3.Physical hazards associated with the material
✔✔Chronic - ✔✔long term exposure may take years to appear
✔✔Acute - ✔✔short term condition that appears within hours or days
✔✔A person working everyday with a toxic substance and not utilizing appropriate PPE,
would then be susceptible to what type of exposure? - ✔✔Chronic
✔✔Types of Hazards (TRACEM) - ✔✔Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological
Mechanical
TRACEM
✔✔Thermal Hazards - ✔✔thermal hazards involve materials that are extreme heat and
cold or that cause fires, explosions, or exothermic reactions
DOT > 212 degrees.
Cryogen is a gas that turns into a liquid <130 degrees
✔✔Radiological Hazards commonly at - ✔✔medical centers, nuclear plants, research
facilities and transportation incidents
✔✔ionizing radiation - ✔✔most energetic and hazzardous type
✔✔nonionizing radiation - ✔✔least energetic (visible light and radio waves)
, ✔✔Exposure - ✔✔Exposed to radiological material causing biological damage
✔✔External contamination - ✔✔radioactive material is deposited on surfaces and
remains after contact
✔✔Internal contamination - ✔✔radioactive material that has been taken into the body
internally
✔✔alpha radiation - ✔✔energetic positively charged alpha particles emitted from the
nucleus during nuclear decay such as uranium and radium.
-internal hazard from contamination
✔✔beta radiation - ✔✔fast moving, positive or negative beta electrons emitted from the
nucleus that are more penetrating than alpha radiation.
-internal hazard from contamination
✔✔gamma radiation - ✔✔high energy photons from natural and industrial sources,
which have no mass nor electrical charge and are highly penetrating
-whole body hazard
✔✔neutron radiation - ✔✔ultra high energy particles with a physical mass but no
electrical charge; produced by fission reactions
-more penetrating than gamma and cause secondary radiation
-whole body hazard
✔✔asphyxiation hazards - ✔✔prevent the body from absorbing oxygen.
✔✔simple asphyxiation - ✔✔When oxygen is removed or displaced Ex. nitrogen
✔✔chemical asphyxiation - ✔✔human body unable to process available oxygen ex.
carbon monoxide & cyanide
✔✔Chemical hazards causing adverse health effects factors: - ✔✔-Toxicity of chemical
-route of exposure
nature/extent of exposure
-susceptibility of person
✔✔Types of Chemical Hazards - ✔✔Poisons
Irritants
Corrosives
Convulsants
Carcinogens
Sensitizers/Allergens
(PICCCS)
SET A+
✔✔3 concepts to preventing potential harm at a hazmat incident - ✔✔1. The variety of
materials encountered
2.Potential health effects of the material
3.Physical hazards associated with the material
✔✔Chronic - ✔✔long term exposure may take years to appear
✔✔Acute - ✔✔short term condition that appears within hours or days
✔✔A person working everyday with a toxic substance and not utilizing appropriate PPE,
would then be susceptible to what type of exposure? - ✔✔Chronic
✔✔Types of Hazards (TRACEM) - ✔✔Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological
Mechanical
TRACEM
✔✔Thermal Hazards - ✔✔thermal hazards involve materials that are extreme heat and
cold or that cause fires, explosions, or exothermic reactions
DOT > 212 degrees.
Cryogen is a gas that turns into a liquid <130 degrees
✔✔Radiological Hazards commonly at - ✔✔medical centers, nuclear plants, research
facilities and transportation incidents
✔✔ionizing radiation - ✔✔most energetic and hazzardous type
✔✔nonionizing radiation - ✔✔least energetic (visible light and radio waves)
, ✔✔Exposure - ✔✔Exposed to radiological material causing biological damage
✔✔External contamination - ✔✔radioactive material is deposited on surfaces and
remains after contact
✔✔Internal contamination - ✔✔radioactive material that has been taken into the body
internally
✔✔alpha radiation - ✔✔energetic positively charged alpha particles emitted from the
nucleus during nuclear decay such as uranium and radium.
-internal hazard from contamination
✔✔beta radiation - ✔✔fast moving, positive or negative beta electrons emitted from the
nucleus that are more penetrating than alpha radiation.
-internal hazard from contamination
✔✔gamma radiation - ✔✔high energy photons from natural and industrial sources,
which have no mass nor electrical charge and are highly penetrating
-whole body hazard
✔✔neutron radiation - ✔✔ultra high energy particles with a physical mass but no
electrical charge; produced by fission reactions
-more penetrating than gamma and cause secondary radiation
-whole body hazard
✔✔asphyxiation hazards - ✔✔prevent the body from absorbing oxygen.
✔✔simple asphyxiation - ✔✔When oxygen is removed or displaced Ex. nitrogen
✔✔chemical asphyxiation - ✔✔human body unable to process available oxygen ex.
carbon monoxide & cyanide
✔✔Chemical hazards causing adverse health effects factors: - ✔✔-Toxicity of chemical
-route of exposure
nature/extent of exposure
-susceptibility of person
✔✔Types of Chemical Hazards - ✔✔Poisons
Irritants
Corrosives
Convulsants
Carcinogens
Sensitizers/Allergens
(PICCCS)
