EMT EMERGENCY CARE FINALS SET ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔APGAR appearance - ✔✔• Blue 0
• Blue with pink core 1
• Pink 2
✔✔APGAR pulse - ✔✔• 0 0
• >100 1
• 100-140 2
✔✔APGAR grimace - ✔✔• No response 0
• Weak cry 1
• Cries + pulls away 2
✔✔APGAR activity - ✔✔• No movement 0
• arms/legs flexed 1
• Active movement 2
✔✔APGAR respiration - ✔✔• Apneic 0
• Slow irregular breathing 1
• Strong cry 2
✔✔Atherosclerosis - ✔✔when fat/cholesterol build up and cause plaque
✔✔Main cause of AMS in hyperglycemia - ✔✔Dehydration from the massive fluid shift
(deprives brain cells of water)
✔✔NPA purpose - ✔✔opening the airway: the external design helps elevate the tongue
off the posterior pharynx, similar to how the OPAs work
✔✔Lifting heavy pts - ✔✔power-lift technique, squat, keep back straight, and keep the
weight close to body
, ✔✔AMI sign - ✔✔acute onset + nausea
✔✔4 components to prove negligence - ✔✔duty to act, harm done to the patient, an act
or omission by the EMT, and proximate cause
✔✔Position when seizing - ✔✔Recovery position, allows secretions to flow out of airway
and generally protects pt
✔✔Minimum LZ size (night and day) - ✔✔night: 100' by 100': day: 60' by 60'. both: LZ
should be square, with a marker indicating the direction of wind travel.
✔✔ - ✔✔early: AMS, anxiety/restlessness, tachycardia/pnea, cool/pale/clammy,
weak/thready pulse. late/decomp: hypotension, cold/mottled/cyanotic
✔✔ Laryngopharynx - ✔✔Provides structure and protects the opening to the trachea
(the glottis).
✔✔Thyroid Cartilage - ✔✔Also known as the Adam's apple; protects the larynx, 3/4
cartilage w posterior smooth muscle.
✔✔Cricoid Cartilage - ✔✔First tracheal ring; complete circle of cartilage forming the
lower aspect of the larynx.
✔✔Newborn/Infant Breathing - ✔✔Infants are primarily nose breathers.
✔✔Pediatric Trachea - ✔✔Narrower and funnel-shaped, easily obstructed.
✔✔Choking Treatment (Adult/Child) - ✔✔Abdominal thrusts (chest thrusts if patient is
obese or pregnant).
✔✔Choking Treatment (Infant) - ✔✔5 back slaps between shoulder blades and 5 chest
thrusts below the nipple line.
✔✔Suctioning Infants and Peds - ✔✔Vagal stimulation may significantly slow their heart
rate.
✔✔Hypoxia vs. Hypercapnia - ✔✔The body will tolerate hypercapnia longer than
hypoxia.
✔✔Respiratory Distress - ✔✔Increased work of breathing and shortness of breath.
✔✔Respiratory Failure - ✔✔O2 demand overtakes supply, compensation fails, hypoxia
builds, and respiratory muscles tire.
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔APGAR appearance - ✔✔• Blue 0
• Blue with pink core 1
• Pink 2
✔✔APGAR pulse - ✔✔• 0 0
• >100 1
• 100-140 2
✔✔APGAR grimace - ✔✔• No response 0
• Weak cry 1
• Cries + pulls away 2
✔✔APGAR activity - ✔✔• No movement 0
• arms/legs flexed 1
• Active movement 2
✔✔APGAR respiration - ✔✔• Apneic 0
• Slow irregular breathing 1
• Strong cry 2
✔✔Atherosclerosis - ✔✔when fat/cholesterol build up and cause plaque
✔✔Main cause of AMS in hyperglycemia - ✔✔Dehydration from the massive fluid shift
(deprives brain cells of water)
✔✔NPA purpose - ✔✔opening the airway: the external design helps elevate the tongue
off the posterior pharynx, similar to how the OPAs work
✔✔Lifting heavy pts - ✔✔power-lift technique, squat, keep back straight, and keep the
weight close to body
, ✔✔AMI sign - ✔✔acute onset + nausea
✔✔4 components to prove negligence - ✔✔duty to act, harm done to the patient, an act
or omission by the EMT, and proximate cause
✔✔Position when seizing - ✔✔Recovery position, allows secretions to flow out of airway
and generally protects pt
✔✔Minimum LZ size (night and day) - ✔✔night: 100' by 100': day: 60' by 60'. both: LZ
should be square, with a marker indicating the direction of wind travel.
✔✔ - ✔✔early: AMS, anxiety/restlessness, tachycardia/pnea, cool/pale/clammy,
weak/thready pulse. late/decomp: hypotension, cold/mottled/cyanotic
✔✔ Laryngopharynx - ✔✔Provides structure and protects the opening to the trachea
(the glottis).
✔✔Thyroid Cartilage - ✔✔Also known as the Adam's apple; protects the larynx, 3/4
cartilage w posterior smooth muscle.
✔✔Cricoid Cartilage - ✔✔First tracheal ring; complete circle of cartilage forming the
lower aspect of the larynx.
✔✔Newborn/Infant Breathing - ✔✔Infants are primarily nose breathers.
✔✔Pediatric Trachea - ✔✔Narrower and funnel-shaped, easily obstructed.
✔✔Choking Treatment (Adult/Child) - ✔✔Abdominal thrusts (chest thrusts if patient is
obese or pregnant).
✔✔Choking Treatment (Infant) - ✔✔5 back slaps between shoulder blades and 5 chest
thrusts below the nipple line.
✔✔Suctioning Infants and Peds - ✔✔Vagal stimulation may significantly slow their heart
rate.
✔✔Hypoxia vs. Hypercapnia - ✔✔The body will tolerate hypercapnia longer than
hypoxia.
✔✔Respiratory Distress - ✔✔Increased work of breathing and shortness of breath.
✔✔Respiratory Failure - ✔✔O2 demand overtakes supply, compensation fails, hypoxia
builds, and respiratory muscles tire.
