EMT EMERGENCY CARE UPDATED ACTUAL
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Comminuted Fracture - ✔✔Bone is broken in several pieces.
✔✔Greenstick Fracture - ✔✔An incomplete fracture, common in children (softer, more
flexible bones)
✔✔Traction Splint - ✔✔Applies constant pull to the lower extremity to stabilize femoral
shaft fractures and prevent spasms.
✔✔Strain vs. Sprain - ✔✔Strain = muscle overstretching;
Sprain = stretching or tearing of ligaments.
✔✔Closed vs. Open Head Injury - ✔✔Closed means the cranium remains intact (even
with lacerations);
Open involves cranial fractures.
✔✔Ataxic Respirations - ✔✔Irregular and unpredictable breathing patterns caused by
brain injury.
✔✔Suctures - ✔✔immovable joints formed by cranial bones (not including mandible)
✔✔Temporomandibular joint TMJ - ✔✔aka TMJ, an immovable joints between the
mandible and the temporal bone
✔✔Maxilallae - ✔✔two fused bones forming the upper jaw
✔✔Foramen magnum - ✔✔opening at the bottom of the skull through which the spinal
cord passes through
✔✔Meningies - ✔✔tough, fibrous membranes, first layer of protection for the spinal cord
and brain
, ✔✔Spinal column breakdown - ✔✔cervical 7, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacral 5, coccyx 4
✔✔Cranial bleeding - ✔✔apply direct pressure unless there are visible bone fragments,
depression of the bone, or if the brain is exposed
✔✔Dermatome - ✔✔an area of the skin that is controlled by a single spinal nerve, helps
identify loss of function
✔✔Dura matter - ✔✔thick, tough, outer covering of the brain/spinal cord (protects from
injury)
✔✔Epidural space - ✔✔between the skull and dura matter, hemorrhage here can cause
a hematoma (usually caused by an artery after a skull fracture)
✔✔Subdural space - ✔✔between the dura mater and arachnoid mater, hemorrhage
here is caused by torn bridging veins (slower onset than epidural hematoma)
✔✔Subarachnoid space - ✔✔between the arachnoid mater and pia mater, contains
CSF and major blood vessels supplying the vein hemorrhage here feels like a terrible
headache
✔✔Acetabulum - ✔✔the pelvic socket where the boll at the proximal end of the femur
fits to form the hip joint
✔✔Acromion process - ✔✔highest point of the shoulder, meets w the clavicle at the
acromioclavicular joint
✔✔Active rewarming - ✔✔applying external heat source to rewarm a hypothermic pt
✔✔base station - ✔✔set-up with two-way radios at a fixed site (ex. hospital dispatch
center)
✔✔Calcenous - ✔✔the heel bone (malleolus = ankle)
✔✔Convection - ✔✔losing heat due to water, air, or other gases/liquids
✔✔Generalized seizure - ✔✔a seizure that affects both sides of the brain
✔✔Ilium - ✔✔superior/widest portion of the pelvis
✔✔Malar - ✔✔cheek bone
✔✔Mobile radio - ✔✔2-way radio that is affixed or used in a vehicle
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Comminuted Fracture - ✔✔Bone is broken in several pieces.
✔✔Greenstick Fracture - ✔✔An incomplete fracture, common in children (softer, more
flexible bones)
✔✔Traction Splint - ✔✔Applies constant pull to the lower extremity to stabilize femoral
shaft fractures and prevent spasms.
✔✔Strain vs. Sprain - ✔✔Strain = muscle overstretching;
Sprain = stretching or tearing of ligaments.
✔✔Closed vs. Open Head Injury - ✔✔Closed means the cranium remains intact (even
with lacerations);
Open involves cranial fractures.
✔✔Ataxic Respirations - ✔✔Irregular and unpredictable breathing patterns caused by
brain injury.
✔✔Suctures - ✔✔immovable joints formed by cranial bones (not including mandible)
✔✔Temporomandibular joint TMJ - ✔✔aka TMJ, an immovable joints between the
mandible and the temporal bone
✔✔Maxilallae - ✔✔two fused bones forming the upper jaw
✔✔Foramen magnum - ✔✔opening at the bottom of the skull through which the spinal
cord passes through
✔✔Meningies - ✔✔tough, fibrous membranes, first layer of protection for the spinal cord
and brain
, ✔✔Spinal column breakdown - ✔✔cervical 7, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacral 5, coccyx 4
✔✔Cranial bleeding - ✔✔apply direct pressure unless there are visible bone fragments,
depression of the bone, or if the brain is exposed
✔✔Dermatome - ✔✔an area of the skin that is controlled by a single spinal nerve, helps
identify loss of function
✔✔Dura matter - ✔✔thick, tough, outer covering of the brain/spinal cord (protects from
injury)
✔✔Epidural space - ✔✔between the skull and dura matter, hemorrhage here can cause
a hematoma (usually caused by an artery after a skull fracture)
✔✔Subdural space - ✔✔between the dura mater and arachnoid mater, hemorrhage
here is caused by torn bridging veins (slower onset than epidural hematoma)
✔✔Subarachnoid space - ✔✔between the arachnoid mater and pia mater, contains
CSF and major blood vessels supplying the vein hemorrhage here feels like a terrible
headache
✔✔Acetabulum - ✔✔the pelvic socket where the boll at the proximal end of the femur
fits to form the hip joint
✔✔Acromion process - ✔✔highest point of the shoulder, meets w the clavicle at the
acromioclavicular joint
✔✔Active rewarming - ✔✔applying external heat source to rewarm a hypothermic pt
✔✔base station - ✔✔set-up with two-way radios at a fixed site (ex. hospital dispatch
center)
✔✔Calcenous - ✔✔the heel bone (malleolus = ankle)
✔✔Convection - ✔✔losing heat due to water, air, or other gases/liquids
✔✔Generalized seizure - ✔✔a seizure that affects both sides of the brain
✔✔Ilium - ✔✔superior/widest portion of the pelvis
✔✔Malar - ✔✔cheek bone
✔✔Mobile radio - ✔✔2-way radio that is affixed or used in a vehicle
