EMT EMERGENCY CARE EXAMS SCRIPT ANSWERS
AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔CPAP Cardiac Effects - ✔✔Positive pressure decreases blood return to the heart,
dropping cardiac output and blood pressure.
- may also cause pneumothorax, aspiration, and eye drying
✔✔Chronic Bronchitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the bronchiole lining leading to excess
mucus production.
✔✔Emphysema - ✔✔Alveolar walls break down, reducing their surface area, lungs lose
elasticity, tidal volume drops.
✔✔Right-Sided Heart Failure - ✔✔Manifests as pedal edema or sacral edema in
bedridden patients.
- sign = inability to conformably lay down (fluid moves into circulation-feels like
drowning), pts sleep propped w a pillow
✔✔Pneumonia - ✔✔Bacterial infection of the lungs from microbe inhalation causing
inflammation.
✔✔Pneumonia Symptoms - ✔✔Coughing mucus, fever, chest pain, severe chills, and
crackles.
✔✔Spontaneous Pneumothorax - ✔✔Lung collapse without injury, usually from a
ruptured bleb (small, weak lung portion) causing air leakage.
✔✔Spontaneous Pneumothorax Symptoms - ✔✔Sharp, pleuritic chest pain and
shortness of breath.
✔✔Epiglottitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the epiglottis, common in peds, can close off the
airway.
, ✔✔Epiglottitis Treatment - ✔✔Do NOT inspect the throat; administer high-flow O2
without alarming the patient, transport immediately.
✔✔Croup - ✔✔Viral laryngeal inflammation in peds causing a barking cough, hoarse
voice, and worsening at night. causes edema below vocal cords
✔✔Cystic Fibrosis - ✔✔Childhood disease causing thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and
digestive system which can cause life threatening infection + digestive issues
✔✔Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - ✔✔A series of conditions that narrow blood flow in
the heart's arteries due to build up caused by fatty deposits (plaque) which is hardened
w calcium
✔✔Angina Pectoris - ✔✔Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart and oxygen
to the heart muscle, worsened by exertion.
✔✔Nitroglycerin - ✔✔Relieves cardiac chest pain by dilating blood vessels (more blood
stays in the veins) and reducing required cardiac output.
✔✔Thrombus - ✔✔A blood clot formed by blood and plaque attached to the inner wall
of a blood vessel.
✔✔Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) - ✔✔Condition where a portion of the myocardium
dies due to occlusion.
✔✔Beta Blockers - ✔✔Medications that slow heart rate and weaken heartbeats to
prevent recurrent AMI.
✔✔Balloon Angioplasty - ✔✔Surgical ballooning of an artery to reopen circulation to the
heart.
✔✔Heart Failure - ✔✔The heart's inability to pump blood due to failure in one or both
ventricles.
✔✔Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) - ✔✔Normal electrical rhythm, but mechanical
heart pumping has failed.
✔✔Asystole - ✔✔Flatline, no electrical activity in the heart.
✔✔Vtachy - ✔✔Tachycardia that does not allow the hearts chambers to adequately fill
and produce enough blood flow
✔✔Vfib - ✔✔Chaotic electrical impulses that prevent normal heart contraction.
AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔CPAP Cardiac Effects - ✔✔Positive pressure decreases blood return to the heart,
dropping cardiac output and blood pressure.
- may also cause pneumothorax, aspiration, and eye drying
✔✔Chronic Bronchitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the bronchiole lining leading to excess
mucus production.
✔✔Emphysema - ✔✔Alveolar walls break down, reducing their surface area, lungs lose
elasticity, tidal volume drops.
✔✔Right-Sided Heart Failure - ✔✔Manifests as pedal edema or sacral edema in
bedridden patients.
- sign = inability to conformably lay down (fluid moves into circulation-feels like
drowning), pts sleep propped w a pillow
✔✔Pneumonia - ✔✔Bacterial infection of the lungs from microbe inhalation causing
inflammation.
✔✔Pneumonia Symptoms - ✔✔Coughing mucus, fever, chest pain, severe chills, and
crackles.
✔✔Spontaneous Pneumothorax - ✔✔Lung collapse without injury, usually from a
ruptured bleb (small, weak lung portion) causing air leakage.
✔✔Spontaneous Pneumothorax Symptoms - ✔✔Sharp, pleuritic chest pain and
shortness of breath.
✔✔Epiglottitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the epiglottis, common in peds, can close off the
airway.
, ✔✔Epiglottitis Treatment - ✔✔Do NOT inspect the throat; administer high-flow O2
without alarming the patient, transport immediately.
✔✔Croup - ✔✔Viral laryngeal inflammation in peds causing a barking cough, hoarse
voice, and worsening at night. causes edema below vocal cords
✔✔Cystic Fibrosis - ✔✔Childhood disease causing thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and
digestive system which can cause life threatening infection + digestive issues
✔✔Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - ✔✔A series of conditions that narrow blood flow in
the heart's arteries due to build up caused by fatty deposits (plaque) which is hardened
w calcium
✔✔Angina Pectoris - ✔✔Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart and oxygen
to the heart muscle, worsened by exertion.
✔✔Nitroglycerin - ✔✔Relieves cardiac chest pain by dilating blood vessels (more blood
stays in the veins) and reducing required cardiac output.
✔✔Thrombus - ✔✔A blood clot formed by blood and plaque attached to the inner wall
of a blood vessel.
✔✔Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) - ✔✔Condition where a portion of the myocardium
dies due to occlusion.
✔✔Beta Blockers - ✔✔Medications that slow heart rate and weaken heartbeats to
prevent recurrent AMI.
✔✔Balloon Angioplasty - ✔✔Surgical ballooning of an artery to reopen circulation to the
heart.
✔✔Heart Failure - ✔✔The heart's inability to pump blood due to failure in one or both
ventricles.
✔✔Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) - ✔✔Normal electrical rhythm, but mechanical
heart pumping has failed.
✔✔Asystole - ✔✔Flatline, no electrical activity in the heart.
✔✔Vtachy - ✔✔Tachycardia that does not allow the hearts chambers to adequately fill
and produce enough blood flow
✔✔Vfib - ✔✔Chaotic electrical impulses that prevent normal heart contraction.
