1
CITI HUMAN SUBJECTS RESEARCH
CERTIFICATION 2026/2027 | HSR | 50
VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES |
PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: HISTORY AND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES – Questions 1–10
Q1: Belmont Report – Ethical Principles
The student is reviewing the Belmont Report. What are the three basic ethical principles identified in
the Belmont Report?
A. Autonomy, nonmaleficence, and justice
B. Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice
C. Confidentiality, integrity, and veracity
D. Beneficence, fidelity, and autonomy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Belmont Report identifies three basic ethical principles: respect for persons,
beneficence, and justice. These principles guide the ethical conduct of research involving human
subjects. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Nuremberg Code – Voluntary Consent
The student is reviewing the Nuremberg Code. What is the first principle of the Nuremberg Code?
A. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential
B. Research must benefit society
C. Risks must be minimized
D. Subjects must be compensated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Nuremberg Code begins with the requirement that the voluntary consent of the
human subject is absolutely essential. It was developed after World War II in response to Nazi
medical experiments. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Tuskegee Syphilis Study – Ethical Violations
The student is reviewing the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. What was the major ethical violation in the
Tuskegee Syphilis Study?
A. Subjects were not told they had syphilis and were denied treatment
B. Subjects were paid too much
C. Subjects were not harmed
D. Subjects gave informed consent
, 2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the Tuskegee study, African American men with syphilis were not told their diagnosis
and were denied effective treatment, even after penicillin became available. This violated respect
for persons, beneficence, and justice. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Declaration of Helsinki – Purpose
The student is reviewing the Declaration of Helsinki. What is the primary purpose of the Declaration
of Helsinki?
A. To provide ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
B. To regulate drug pricing
C. To establish hospital accreditation
D. To define nursing scope of practice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Declaration of Helsinki, developed by the World Medical Association, provides ethical
principles for medical research involving human subjects. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Respect for Persons – Application
The student is reviewing respect for persons. What does respect for persons require in research?
A. Treating individuals as autonomous agents and protecting those with diminished autonomy
B. Maximizing benefits and minimizing harms
C. Fair distribution of research burdens and benefits
D. Obtaining informed consent from all subjects
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respect for persons requires acknowledging autonomy and protecting individuals with
diminished autonomy. Informed consent is one application of this principle. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Beneficence – Application
The student is reviewing beneficence. What does beneficence require in research?
A. Maximizing possible benefits and minimizing possible harms
B. Treating all subjects equally
C. Obtaining informed consent
D. Protecting privacy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beneficence requires researchers to maximize benefits and minimize harms. It involves
assessing risks and benefits. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Justice – Application
The student is reviewing justice. What does justice require in research?
A. Fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of research
B. Maximizing benefits
C. Respecting autonomy
D. Avoiding harm
CITI HUMAN SUBJECTS RESEARCH
CERTIFICATION 2026/2027 | HSR | 50
VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES |
PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: HISTORY AND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES – Questions 1–10
Q1: Belmont Report – Ethical Principles
The student is reviewing the Belmont Report. What are the three basic ethical principles identified in
the Belmont Report?
A. Autonomy, nonmaleficence, and justice
B. Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice
C. Confidentiality, integrity, and veracity
D. Beneficence, fidelity, and autonomy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Belmont Report identifies three basic ethical principles: respect for persons,
beneficence, and justice. These principles guide the ethical conduct of research involving human
subjects. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Nuremberg Code – Voluntary Consent
The student is reviewing the Nuremberg Code. What is the first principle of the Nuremberg Code?
A. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential
B. Research must benefit society
C. Risks must be minimized
D. Subjects must be compensated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Nuremberg Code begins with the requirement that the voluntary consent of the
human subject is absolutely essential. It was developed after World War II in response to Nazi
medical experiments. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Tuskegee Syphilis Study – Ethical Violations
The student is reviewing the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. What was the major ethical violation in the
Tuskegee Syphilis Study?
A. Subjects were not told they had syphilis and were denied treatment
B. Subjects were paid too much
C. Subjects were not harmed
D. Subjects gave informed consent
, 2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the Tuskegee study, African American men with syphilis were not told their diagnosis
and were denied effective treatment, even after penicillin became available. This violated respect
for persons, beneficence, and justice. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Declaration of Helsinki – Purpose
The student is reviewing the Declaration of Helsinki. What is the primary purpose of the Declaration
of Helsinki?
A. To provide ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
B. To regulate drug pricing
C. To establish hospital accreditation
D. To define nursing scope of practice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Declaration of Helsinki, developed by the World Medical Association, provides ethical
principles for medical research involving human subjects. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Respect for Persons – Application
The student is reviewing respect for persons. What does respect for persons require in research?
A. Treating individuals as autonomous agents and protecting those with diminished autonomy
B. Maximizing benefits and minimizing harms
C. Fair distribution of research burdens and benefits
D. Obtaining informed consent from all subjects
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respect for persons requires acknowledging autonomy and protecting individuals with
diminished autonomy. Informed consent is one application of this principle. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Beneficence – Application
The student is reviewing beneficence. What does beneficence require in research?
A. Maximizing possible benefits and minimizing possible harms
B. Treating all subjects equally
C. Obtaining informed consent
D. Protecting privacy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beneficence requires researchers to maximize benefits and minimize harms. It involves
assessing risks and benefits. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Justice – Application
The student is reviewing justice. What does justice require in research?
A. Fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of research
B. Maximizing benefits
C. Respecting autonomy
D. Avoiding harm
