1
ISSA CERTIFICATION PRACTICE EXAM 2026/2027 |
ISSA CERTIFICATIONS | 75 VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED
RATIONALES | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – Questions 1–12
Q1: Anatomy – Skeletal System
The student is reviewing the skeletal system. Which bone is the longest in the human body?
A. Femur
B. Tibia
C. Humerus
D. Fibula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The femur (thigh bone) is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. [100%
CORRECT]
Q2: Anatomy – Muscular System
The student is reviewing the muscular system. Which muscle is the primary mover for shoulder
abduction?
A. Deltoid
B. Pectoralis major
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Biceps brachii
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The deltoid, specifically the middle fibers, is the primary mover for shoulder abduction.
The other muscles assist or perform other actions. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Anatomy – Joints
The student is reviewing joints. Which joint allows the most range of motion?
A. Hinge
B. Ball-and-socket
C. Pivot
D. Saddle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints (shoulder, hip) allow movement in multiple planes: flexion,
extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Physiology – Nervous System
The student is reviewing the nervous system. What is the role of a sensory neuron?
,2
A. Transmit signals from the CNS to muscles
B. Transmit signals from sensory receptors to the CNS
C. Process information in the brain
D. Support and protect neurons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous
system. Motor (efferent) neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Physiology – Muscle Contraction
The student is reviewing muscle contraction. What is the sliding filament theory?
A. Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere
B. Myosin filaments slide past actin filaments, lengthening the sarcomere
C. The sarcomere remains the same length during contraction
D. Only actin filaments contract
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sliding filament theory states that actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, causing
the sarcomere to shorten and the muscle to contract. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Anatomy – Respiratory System
The student is reviewing the respiratory system. What is the primary function of the alveoli?
A. Gas exchange
B. Filtering air
C. Warming air
D. Producing sound
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs: oxygen enters the blood
and carbon dioxide is removed. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Physiology – Cardiovascular System
The student is reviewing the cardiovascular system. What is the function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infection
B. Transport oxygen
C. Clot blood
D. Produce antibodies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen from the lungs to
tissues. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Anatomy – Core
The student is reviewing the core. Which muscle is the deepest abdominal muscle?
A. Rectus abdominis
, 3
B. External oblique
C. Internal oblique
D. Transverse abdominis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The transverse abdominis is the deepest abdominal muscle, providing core stability and
compressing the abdominal contents. [100% CORRECT]
Q9: Physiology – Energy Systems
The student is reviewing energy systems. Which energy system produces ATP without oxygen?
A. Oxidative system
B. Aerobic system
C. Anaerobic systems (phosphagen and glycolytic)
D. Krebs cycle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The phosphagen and glycolytic systems are anaerobic (do not require oxygen). The
oxidative system is aerobic. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Anatomy – Planes of Motion
The student is reviewing anatomical planes. Which plane divides the body into front and back
halves?
A. Sagittal
B. Frontal
C. Transverse
D. Oblique
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)
halves. Sagittal divides left/right; transverse divides top/bottom. [100% CORRECT]
Q11: Physiology – Hormones
The student is reviewing hormones. Which hormone is released during the "fight or flight" response?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Adrenaline
D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is released by the adrenal glands during the fight-or-flight
response, increasing heart rate, blood flow, and energy availability. [100% CORRECT]
Q12: Anatomy – Muscle Fiber Types
The student is reviewing muscle fiber types. Which fiber type is best for explosive power?
A. Type I
ISSA CERTIFICATION PRACTICE EXAM 2026/2027 |
ISSA CERTIFICATIONS | 75 VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED
RATIONALES | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – Questions 1–12
Q1: Anatomy – Skeletal System
The student is reviewing the skeletal system. Which bone is the longest in the human body?
A. Femur
B. Tibia
C. Humerus
D. Fibula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The femur (thigh bone) is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. [100%
CORRECT]
Q2: Anatomy – Muscular System
The student is reviewing the muscular system. Which muscle is the primary mover for shoulder
abduction?
A. Deltoid
B. Pectoralis major
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Biceps brachii
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The deltoid, specifically the middle fibers, is the primary mover for shoulder abduction.
The other muscles assist or perform other actions. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Anatomy – Joints
The student is reviewing joints. Which joint allows the most range of motion?
A. Hinge
B. Ball-and-socket
C. Pivot
D. Saddle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints (shoulder, hip) allow movement in multiple planes: flexion,
extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Physiology – Nervous System
The student is reviewing the nervous system. What is the role of a sensory neuron?
,2
A. Transmit signals from the CNS to muscles
B. Transmit signals from sensory receptors to the CNS
C. Process information in the brain
D. Support and protect neurons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous
system. Motor (efferent) neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Physiology – Muscle Contraction
The student is reviewing muscle contraction. What is the sliding filament theory?
A. Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere
B. Myosin filaments slide past actin filaments, lengthening the sarcomere
C. The sarcomere remains the same length during contraction
D. Only actin filaments contract
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sliding filament theory states that actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, causing
the sarcomere to shorten and the muscle to contract. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Anatomy – Respiratory System
The student is reviewing the respiratory system. What is the primary function of the alveoli?
A. Gas exchange
B. Filtering air
C. Warming air
D. Producing sound
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs: oxygen enters the blood
and carbon dioxide is removed. [100% CORRECT]
Q7: Physiology – Cardiovascular System
The student is reviewing the cardiovascular system. What is the function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infection
B. Transport oxygen
C. Clot blood
D. Produce antibodies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen from the lungs to
tissues. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Anatomy – Core
The student is reviewing the core. Which muscle is the deepest abdominal muscle?
A. Rectus abdominis
, 3
B. External oblique
C. Internal oblique
D. Transverse abdominis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The transverse abdominis is the deepest abdominal muscle, providing core stability and
compressing the abdominal contents. [100% CORRECT]
Q9: Physiology – Energy Systems
The student is reviewing energy systems. Which energy system produces ATP without oxygen?
A. Oxidative system
B. Aerobic system
C. Anaerobic systems (phosphagen and glycolytic)
D. Krebs cycle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The phosphagen and glycolytic systems are anaerobic (do not require oxygen). The
oxidative system is aerobic. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Anatomy – Planes of Motion
The student is reviewing anatomical planes. Which plane divides the body into front and back
halves?
A. Sagittal
B. Frontal
C. Transverse
D. Oblique
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)
halves. Sagittal divides left/right; transverse divides top/bottom. [100% CORRECT]
Q11: Physiology – Hormones
The student is reviewing hormones. Which hormone is released during the "fight or flight" response?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Adrenaline
D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is released by the adrenal glands during the fight-or-flight
response, increasing heart rate, blood flow, and energy availability. [100% CORRECT]
Q12: Anatomy – Muscle Fiber Types
The student is reviewing muscle fiber types. Which fiber type is best for explosive power?
A. Type I
