Pathophysiology And Pharmacology 1 Sherpath
Questions (Weeks 1-3) Exam With Complete Solutions
The nurse needs to be aware that which factors will affect the absorption of orally
administered medications? - ANSWER -time of day
-pH of the stomach
-form of drug preparation
-presence of food in the stomach
Which phenomenon is characteristic of highly protein bound drugs? - ANSWER the risk
of drug-drug interactions is increased
Which process is being described when a drug is followed from oral absorption, through
to finding traces of the drug in urine and cerebrospinal fluid? - ANSWER
pharmacokinetics
Which mechanism of action is being described when an antibiotic drug causes the
destruction of bacterial cell walls? - ANSWER nonselective interaction
Which drug formulation will have the fastest onset of action for an oral drug available in
various formulations? - ANSWER oral soluble wafers (absorbed the fastest through the
buccal mucosa; followed by elixirs, regular suspensions, then powders)
If a drug has a high first pass effect, which statement about the drug is appropriate? -
ANSWER formation of inactive metabolites is high in the liver
Which term would best describe a possible drug reaction resulting in very low blood
glucose levels that can cause lightheadedness and profuse sweating? - ANSWER
pharmacologic (a known and predictable reaction to a drug when it is administered)
A patient diagnosed with thyroid cancer undergoes a thyroidectomy and is prescribed
75 mcg levothyroxine sodium. Which type of therapy has the patient been prescribed? -
ANSWER supplemental or replacement therapy (provide the body with substances that
the body does not produce or produces only in inadequate quantities; the substance
may be required for vital functions of the body)
,Which instructions would the nurse provide to the patient regarding administration of a
long-acting propranolol tablet? - ANSWER -swallow the tablet
-take the tablet on a full stomach
-take the tablet with a glass of water
-do not crush the tablet
Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient regarding the properties of an
enteric-coated drug preparation? - ANSWER -anticholinergic drugs may negate the
effect of the enteric coating because they may result in the dissolution of the drug in the
stomach
-dissolution of the drug in the stomach is prevented
-these tablets should not be crushed
-these tablets are absorbed in the intestine
A patient is to receive an IM injection of a drug that has a high first pass effect but asks
for an oral preparation of the drug instead. Which action would the nurse choose in this
situation? - ANSWER -explain to the patient that the drug becomes inactive if it is taken
orally
-explain to the patient that the drug will have a reduced effect if it is taken orally
When it is necessary for a drug to circumvent the first pass metabolism in the liver,
which routes of administration are recommended? - ANSWER -intranasal
-intraocular
-transdermal
Which type of therapy is utilized when a patient with lower respiratory tract symptoms is
prescribed both antibiotics and laboratory testing concurrently? - ANSWER empiric
Which action, when performed by the nurse, will increase the absorption of a medication
administered intramuscularly? - ANSWER massaging the site after injection
Which factor associated with a drug that has a low therapeutic index (TI) would the
nurse be aware of? - ANSWER there is a high possibility that overdose events will occur
(there is also a greater likelihood of side effects)
A swab of a wound infection is sent for culture and, pending culture results, the health
care provider starts an intravenous antibiotic. Which type of therapy has been
prescribed for this patient? - ANSWER empiric
A patient is prescribed amoxicillin and probenecid wants to know the reason for the
prescription of the two drugs. Which explanation by the nurse is accurate? - ANSWER -
combination therapy is beneficial to the patient
-probenecid prevents the renal excretion of amoxicillin
-probenecid increases the duration of the amoxicillin
, Which route of administration is most likely to be used when a provider prescribes
fentanyl as pain relief for palliative care? - ANSWER transdermal because it delivers a
constant amount of drug over a specified length of time, it is convenient for consistent
pain relief in patients with advance disease conditions, and it is preferred over other
routes because the other routes either have a long peak value or a short duration of
action
Which measures could be taken to reverse the toxic effects of acetaminophen following
overdose? - ANSWER -obtain blood work
-ensure a patent airway
-administer acetylcysteine
-administer activated charcoal
Which condition interferes with the optimum therapeutic effect of a drug given by the
oral route? - ANSWER resection of the small intestine (area of maximal absorption)
Pharmacokinetics involves the study of which factor? - ANSWER distribution rates
among various body compartments
Which body system triggers an allergic reaction to a medication? - ANSWER immune
A nurse is educating a patient who is prescribed warfarin to avoid taking aspirin and
explains that taking both drugs together may cause excessive bleeding. Which
phenomenon is the nurse teaching about? - ANSWER additive
Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to do what? -
ANSWER be eliminated by the body
A drug given by which route is altered by the first pass effect? - ANSWER oral
Which percentage would be the bioavailability of atropine administered intravenously to
a patient with a cardiac dysrhythmia? - ANSWER 100%
Which animal is the other main source of natural insulin besides humans? - ANSWER
pigs
Which term is attributed to a condition in which drugs are increasingly ineffective? -
ANSWER tolerance
Which term is an alternate for biotransformation of a drug? - ANSWER metabolism
Which term describes the ratio between a drug's therapeutic effects and toxic effects? -
ANSWER therapeutic index
Which term is used to describe the study of the physiochemical properties of drugs and
how they influence the body? - ANSWER pharmacodynamics
Questions (Weeks 1-3) Exam With Complete Solutions
The nurse needs to be aware that which factors will affect the absorption of orally
administered medications? - ANSWER -time of day
-pH of the stomach
-form of drug preparation
-presence of food in the stomach
Which phenomenon is characteristic of highly protein bound drugs? - ANSWER the risk
of drug-drug interactions is increased
Which process is being described when a drug is followed from oral absorption, through
to finding traces of the drug in urine and cerebrospinal fluid? - ANSWER
pharmacokinetics
Which mechanism of action is being described when an antibiotic drug causes the
destruction of bacterial cell walls? - ANSWER nonselective interaction
Which drug formulation will have the fastest onset of action for an oral drug available in
various formulations? - ANSWER oral soluble wafers (absorbed the fastest through the
buccal mucosa; followed by elixirs, regular suspensions, then powders)
If a drug has a high first pass effect, which statement about the drug is appropriate? -
ANSWER formation of inactive metabolites is high in the liver
Which term would best describe a possible drug reaction resulting in very low blood
glucose levels that can cause lightheadedness and profuse sweating? - ANSWER
pharmacologic (a known and predictable reaction to a drug when it is administered)
A patient diagnosed with thyroid cancer undergoes a thyroidectomy and is prescribed
75 mcg levothyroxine sodium. Which type of therapy has the patient been prescribed? -
ANSWER supplemental or replacement therapy (provide the body with substances that
the body does not produce or produces only in inadequate quantities; the substance
may be required for vital functions of the body)
,Which instructions would the nurse provide to the patient regarding administration of a
long-acting propranolol tablet? - ANSWER -swallow the tablet
-take the tablet on a full stomach
-take the tablet with a glass of water
-do not crush the tablet
Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient regarding the properties of an
enteric-coated drug preparation? - ANSWER -anticholinergic drugs may negate the
effect of the enteric coating because they may result in the dissolution of the drug in the
stomach
-dissolution of the drug in the stomach is prevented
-these tablets should not be crushed
-these tablets are absorbed in the intestine
A patient is to receive an IM injection of a drug that has a high first pass effect but asks
for an oral preparation of the drug instead. Which action would the nurse choose in this
situation? - ANSWER -explain to the patient that the drug becomes inactive if it is taken
orally
-explain to the patient that the drug will have a reduced effect if it is taken orally
When it is necessary for a drug to circumvent the first pass metabolism in the liver,
which routes of administration are recommended? - ANSWER -intranasal
-intraocular
-transdermal
Which type of therapy is utilized when a patient with lower respiratory tract symptoms is
prescribed both antibiotics and laboratory testing concurrently? - ANSWER empiric
Which action, when performed by the nurse, will increase the absorption of a medication
administered intramuscularly? - ANSWER massaging the site after injection
Which factor associated with a drug that has a low therapeutic index (TI) would the
nurse be aware of? - ANSWER there is a high possibility that overdose events will occur
(there is also a greater likelihood of side effects)
A swab of a wound infection is sent for culture and, pending culture results, the health
care provider starts an intravenous antibiotic. Which type of therapy has been
prescribed for this patient? - ANSWER empiric
A patient is prescribed amoxicillin and probenecid wants to know the reason for the
prescription of the two drugs. Which explanation by the nurse is accurate? - ANSWER -
combination therapy is beneficial to the patient
-probenecid prevents the renal excretion of amoxicillin
-probenecid increases the duration of the amoxicillin
, Which route of administration is most likely to be used when a provider prescribes
fentanyl as pain relief for palliative care? - ANSWER transdermal because it delivers a
constant amount of drug over a specified length of time, it is convenient for consistent
pain relief in patients with advance disease conditions, and it is preferred over other
routes because the other routes either have a long peak value or a short duration of
action
Which measures could be taken to reverse the toxic effects of acetaminophen following
overdose? - ANSWER -obtain blood work
-ensure a patent airway
-administer acetylcysteine
-administer activated charcoal
Which condition interferes with the optimum therapeutic effect of a drug given by the
oral route? - ANSWER resection of the small intestine (area of maximal absorption)
Pharmacokinetics involves the study of which factor? - ANSWER distribution rates
among various body compartments
Which body system triggers an allergic reaction to a medication? - ANSWER immune
A nurse is educating a patient who is prescribed warfarin to avoid taking aspirin and
explains that taking both drugs together may cause excessive bleeding. Which
phenomenon is the nurse teaching about? - ANSWER additive
Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to do what? -
ANSWER be eliminated by the body
A drug given by which route is altered by the first pass effect? - ANSWER oral
Which percentage would be the bioavailability of atropine administered intravenously to
a patient with a cardiac dysrhythmia? - ANSWER 100%
Which animal is the other main source of natural insulin besides humans? - ANSWER
pigs
Which term is attributed to a condition in which drugs are increasingly ineffective? -
ANSWER tolerance
Which term is an alternate for biotransformation of a drug? - ANSWER metabolism
Which term describes the ratio between a drug's therapeutic effects and toxic effects? -
ANSWER therapeutic index
Which term is used to describe the study of the physiochemical properties of drugs and
how they influence the body? - ANSWER pharmacodynamics
