Praxis Physics 2026 |
Study Guide, Practice
Questions, Answers,
Rationales & Exam Review
| Complete Ethics Study
Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,JJ Thomson discovered electron, cathode ray tube, plum pudding model, if there is negative
charge here, there should be positive material around
Ernest Rutherford
Source of Magnetic Fields Moving electrons are responsible for magnetic force fields.
Magnetic Dipoles Magnets always have two poles (north and south), even if cut in half.
Ferromagnetic Materials Materials with unpaired electrons that align strongly, such as iron and cobalt.
Electromagnet A coil of wire with electricity running through it, generating a magnetic field.
Magnetic Flux The amount of magnetic field passing perpendicular through a defined area.
Lenz's Law Induced current flows in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux.
Transverse Wave A wave where particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of
travel.
Longitudinal Wave A wave where particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of travel.
S Waves vs. P Waves S waves are transverse and only travel through solids; P waves are longitudinal.
Constructive Interference Occurs when two colliding waves combine to form a wave with larger amplitude.
, Destructive Interference Occurs when two colliding waves cancel each other out.
Diffraction The bending and spreading out of waves around an obstacle or opening.
Specular Reflection Light reflecting from a smooth, mirror-like surface at the same angle.
Diffuse Reflection Light reflecting off a rough surface in many random directions.
Refraction The bending of light as it passes between materials with different optical densities.
Index of Refraction Formula n = c/v, where c is speed of light in vacuum and v is speed in medium.
Doppler Effect Apparent change in wave frequency caused by relative motion between source and
observer.
Real Image An image formed where light rays actually converge, projectable onto a screen.
Virtual Image An image formed where light rays diverge, only visible by looking into the optic.
Converging Lens (Convex) A lens thicker in the middle that bends light rays inward toward a focal point.
Permanent vs. Temporary Magnets Permanent magnets have innate charge separation; temporary magnets require an
external field.
Antiferromagnetic Materials Ionic solids where ions align to create internal charge separation with no net charge.
Study Guide, Practice
Questions, Answers,
Rationales & Exam Review
| Complete Ethics Study
Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,JJ Thomson discovered electron, cathode ray tube, plum pudding model, if there is negative
charge here, there should be positive material around
Ernest Rutherford
Source of Magnetic Fields Moving electrons are responsible for magnetic force fields.
Magnetic Dipoles Magnets always have two poles (north and south), even if cut in half.
Ferromagnetic Materials Materials with unpaired electrons that align strongly, such as iron and cobalt.
Electromagnet A coil of wire with electricity running through it, generating a magnetic field.
Magnetic Flux The amount of magnetic field passing perpendicular through a defined area.
Lenz's Law Induced current flows in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux.
Transverse Wave A wave where particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of
travel.
Longitudinal Wave A wave where particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of travel.
S Waves vs. P Waves S waves are transverse and only travel through solids; P waves are longitudinal.
Constructive Interference Occurs when two colliding waves combine to form a wave with larger amplitude.
, Destructive Interference Occurs when two colliding waves cancel each other out.
Diffraction The bending and spreading out of waves around an obstacle or opening.
Specular Reflection Light reflecting from a smooth, mirror-like surface at the same angle.
Diffuse Reflection Light reflecting off a rough surface in many random directions.
Refraction The bending of light as it passes between materials with different optical densities.
Index of Refraction Formula n = c/v, where c is speed of light in vacuum and v is speed in medium.
Doppler Effect Apparent change in wave frequency caused by relative motion between source and
observer.
Real Image An image formed where light rays actually converge, projectable onto a screen.
Virtual Image An image formed where light rays diverge, only visible by looking into the optic.
Converging Lens (Convex) A lens thicker in the middle that bends light rays inward toward a focal point.
Permanent vs. Temporary Magnets Permanent magnets have innate charge separation; temporary magnets require an
external field.
Antiferromagnetic Materials Ionic solids where ions align to create internal charge separation with no net charge.
