NST 10 UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● How do nutrients form structures
Answer: our weight is due to water, fat and protein. nutrients help to
form and maintain the shape and structure of our body. proteins form
ligaments and tendons. at cell level, lipids and proteins make up the
membranes that surround cells
●● How do nutrients provide energy?
Answer: Biochemical reactions in the body help to release the energy
contained in carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
Energy is used to maintain body functions and fuel physical work
If more energy is consumed than is needed, over time body weight will
increase
Stored primarily as fat
●● 3 functional categories of nutrients
Answer: 1. Provide energy
2. Promote growth and development (and maintenance)
3. Regulate body processes
●● Essential Nutrient
,Answer: have a specific biological function, and removing it from the
diet leads to a decline in human biological function. returning it restores
normal aspects of biological function
●● Nutrient density
Answer: a measure of the nutrients in a food compared with the energy
the food provides. ie. broccolli is more nutrient dense than french fries.
●● metabolism
Answer: The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. these
*enzyme-catalyzed* reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce,
maintain their structures and respond to their environments
●● anabolism
Answer: uses energy to construct components of cells
●● catabolism
Answer: breaks down organic matter, for example harvest energy
●● Bile Salts
Answer: compounds in bile that aid in emulsification, required for lipid
digestion and passage to intestinal mucosa
●● Enterohepatic Circulation
, Answer: During this recycling process, bile travels from the liver to the
gallbladder and then to the small intestine, where it assists digestion.•In
the small intestine, most of the bile is reabsorbed and sent back to the
liver for reuse.
●● Passive Diffusion
Answer: movement of substances across a semipermeable membrane
with the concentration gradient; this process does not require energy
●● Facilitated Diffusion
Answer: Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes
through protein channels
●● Active Absorption
Answer: requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move the
drug against a concentration gradient (uses energy)
●● endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis)
Answer: active transport mechanism in which molecules or particles are
conveyed by a vesicle in the cell
●● Sources of Protein in the Diet
Answer: - Protein deficiency is rare in the United
States.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
●● How do nutrients form structures
Answer: our weight is due to water, fat and protein. nutrients help to
form and maintain the shape and structure of our body. proteins form
ligaments and tendons. at cell level, lipids and proteins make up the
membranes that surround cells
●● How do nutrients provide energy?
Answer: Biochemical reactions in the body help to release the energy
contained in carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
Energy is used to maintain body functions and fuel physical work
If more energy is consumed than is needed, over time body weight will
increase
Stored primarily as fat
●● 3 functional categories of nutrients
Answer: 1. Provide energy
2. Promote growth and development (and maintenance)
3. Regulate body processes
●● Essential Nutrient
,Answer: have a specific biological function, and removing it from the
diet leads to a decline in human biological function. returning it restores
normal aspects of biological function
●● Nutrient density
Answer: a measure of the nutrients in a food compared with the energy
the food provides. ie. broccolli is more nutrient dense than french fries.
●● metabolism
Answer: The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. these
*enzyme-catalyzed* reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce,
maintain their structures and respond to their environments
●● anabolism
Answer: uses energy to construct components of cells
●● catabolism
Answer: breaks down organic matter, for example harvest energy
●● Bile Salts
Answer: compounds in bile that aid in emulsification, required for lipid
digestion and passage to intestinal mucosa
●● Enterohepatic Circulation
, Answer: During this recycling process, bile travels from the liver to the
gallbladder and then to the small intestine, where it assists digestion.•In
the small intestine, most of the bile is reabsorbed and sent back to the
liver for reuse.
●● Passive Diffusion
Answer: movement of substances across a semipermeable membrane
with the concentration gradient; this process does not require energy
●● Facilitated Diffusion
Answer: Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes
through protein channels
●● Active Absorption
Answer: requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move the
drug against a concentration gradient (uses energy)
●● endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis)
Answer: active transport mechanism in which molecules or particles are
conveyed by a vesicle in the cell
●● Sources of Protein in the Diet
Answer: - Protein deficiency is rare in the United
States.
