Reproductive System-Biology 30 Test
Questions All Answered Correctly 2026-
2027 Updated.
Male Reproductive System - Answer Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce
sperm and male sex hormone, and male ducts and glands aid in the delivery of sperm to the
female reproductive tract.
Scrotum - Answer External pouch of skin that encloses the testicles and provides a decrease in
temperature for sperm development.
Testicles (testes) - Answer Oval organs that lie in the scrotum, responsible for making
testosterone and generating sperm
- Full of interstitial cells that make testosterone
- Full of seminiferous tubules where sperm are made and "nursed" by sertoli cells
Interstitial Cells - Answer In the testes, these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and
produce the hormone testosterone; stimulated by LH from the pituitary gland
Seminiferous Tubules - Answer Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes.
- Where spermatogenesis occurs
- Also contains sertoli cells that nourish and provide energy for growing sperms
Sertoli Cells - Answer Cells found within the seminiferous tubules that provide metabolic
support for the spermatids
- "nurse cells"
Stimulated by FSH from the pituitary gland and sends inhibin back to the pituitary gland for
negative feedback.
Epididymis - Answer Structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully
matured and are stored
- aka. "testicle hats", aka "sperm high school"
- a compact, coiled tube on the outer edge of each testis
- where sperm are stored and finish maturing, ex. begin swimming motions
- immune system destroys the defective sperm here
,Vas Deferens (ductus deferens) - Answer Excretory duct of testis that joins epididymis with
ejaculatory duct
- 2 tubes that carry mature sperm from each epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
- The ejaculatory duct then becomes the urethra
- A vasectomy is when you cut or clamp this duct
Why? Because its PERMANENT BIRTH CONTROL
Seminal Fluid - Answer The substance in which sperm are suspended is produced by three
glands in the abdominal cavity
- Secretions made by 3 exocrine glands; seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper's gland
(bulbourethral gland)
- Added to the ejaculatory duct
- Required by sperm for their journey
Sperm + ________ ______ = semen
Seminal Vesicles - Answer Two small glands aka. BUNNY EARS
- Produce fructose to provide energy for mature sperm
- Produce prostaglandins: hormones that have local effects; they initiate smooth muscle
contractions (even in the female reproductive system) and help sperm move towards the egg
Prostate Gland - Answer A walnut-sized gland that produces part of the semen.
- Produces an ALKALINE BUFFER to help protect against the acidity of the vagina
Also makes some mucus
Cowper's/ Bulbourethral Gland - Answer Located below the prostate gland and produces pre-
ejaculate; mucus- rich fluid that coats the urethra to protect sperm from acidity.
Penis - Answer - Made of erectile tissue which fills with blood upon sexual arousal; when erect
the arteries to the penis dilate and the veins constrict, when flaccid the arteries constrict and
the veins dilate
- Parasympathetic nervous system permits an erection and the sympathetic nervous system
causes muscles to contract (orgasm) sending about 5mL of semen out of the urethra
*SPERM ONLY LIVES 3 DAYS AT BODY TEMP. AND FOR YEARS AT -100*
Urethra - Answer A tube running down the middle of the penis that carries urine or semen but
never both at the same time
Glans Penis - Answer The enlarged tip with many sensory nerve endings
, Ejaculatory Duct - Answer Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the
seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra
- semen collects there seconds before ejaculation
Semen - Answer A thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male
reproductive system
- contains sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles (fructose and prostaglandins),
prostate (alkaline buffer), and Cowper's (bulbourethral) gland (mucus).
Male Sex Characteristics - Answer two types, primary and secondary
Male Primary Sex Characteristics - Answer Reproductive structures that develop in utero and
are present at birth
- Due to the presence of a Y chromosome
Male Secondary Sex Characteristics - Answer - Begin development at puberty (not born with)
- Influenced by hormones like testosterone
- Maturation related: *sperm production (FSH)*, facial/axillary/pubic hair, increase in muscle
mass, *aggression*, maturation of penis, deeper voice (thickening of larynx), fat deposits on
abdomen, coarse skin, increase in metabolism, *sex drive*, etc...
Causes of male infertility - Answer 1. Hormonal: incorrect levels of FSH (for example) due to a
malfunctioning endocrine gland, tumors, compounds in the environment etc...
2. Other Causes:
- blocked vas deferens (sperm can't get from epididymis to ejaculatory duct) ex. congenital or
scarring from an STI
- injury/ inflammation
- extreme heat (undescended testes, fever)
- drugs/ medications (ex. chemotherapy)
- impotence (inability to get an erection); due to parasympathetic nerve damage, blood flow
issues, alcohol, drugs, stress
- reduced sperm mobility
Sperm - Answer Male gamete
- hormone for development = FSH
Carries limited energy reserves
- energy source during development = sertoli cells
Questions All Answered Correctly 2026-
2027 Updated.
Male Reproductive System - Answer Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce
sperm and male sex hormone, and male ducts and glands aid in the delivery of sperm to the
female reproductive tract.
Scrotum - Answer External pouch of skin that encloses the testicles and provides a decrease in
temperature for sperm development.
Testicles (testes) - Answer Oval organs that lie in the scrotum, responsible for making
testosterone and generating sperm
- Full of interstitial cells that make testosterone
- Full of seminiferous tubules where sperm are made and "nursed" by sertoli cells
Interstitial Cells - Answer In the testes, these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and
produce the hormone testosterone; stimulated by LH from the pituitary gland
Seminiferous Tubules - Answer Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes.
- Where spermatogenesis occurs
- Also contains sertoli cells that nourish and provide energy for growing sperms
Sertoli Cells - Answer Cells found within the seminiferous tubules that provide metabolic
support for the spermatids
- "nurse cells"
Stimulated by FSH from the pituitary gland and sends inhibin back to the pituitary gland for
negative feedback.
Epididymis - Answer Structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm are fully
matured and are stored
- aka. "testicle hats", aka "sperm high school"
- a compact, coiled tube on the outer edge of each testis
- where sperm are stored and finish maturing, ex. begin swimming motions
- immune system destroys the defective sperm here
,Vas Deferens (ductus deferens) - Answer Excretory duct of testis that joins epididymis with
ejaculatory duct
- 2 tubes that carry mature sperm from each epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
- The ejaculatory duct then becomes the urethra
- A vasectomy is when you cut or clamp this duct
Why? Because its PERMANENT BIRTH CONTROL
Seminal Fluid - Answer The substance in which sperm are suspended is produced by three
glands in the abdominal cavity
- Secretions made by 3 exocrine glands; seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper's gland
(bulbourethral gland)
- Added to the ejaculatory duct
- Required by sperm for their journey
Sperm + ________ ______ = semen
Seminal Vesicles - Answer Two small glands aka. BUNNY EARS
- Produce fructose to provide energy for mature sperm
- Produce prostaglandins: hormones that have local effects; they initiate smooth muscle
contractions (even in the female reproductive system) and help sperm move towards the egg
Prostate Gland - Answer A walnut-sized gland that produces part of the semen.
- Produces an ALKALINE BUFFER to help protect against the acidity of the vagina
Also makes some mucus
Cowper's/ Bulbourethral Gland - Answer Located below the prostate gland and produces pre-
ejaculate; mucus- rich fluid that coats the urethra to protect sperm from acidity.
Penis - Answer - Made of erectile tissue which fills with blood upon sexual arousal; when erect
the arteries to the penis dilate and the veins constrict, when flaccid the arteries constrict and
the veins dilate
- Parasympathetic nervous system permits an erection and the sympathetic nervous system
causes muscles to contract (orgasm) sending about 5mL of semen out of the urethra
*SPERM ONLY LIVES 3 DAYS AT BODY TEMP. AND FOR YEARS AT -100*
Urethra - Answer A tube running down the middle of the penis that carries urine or semen but
never both at the same time
Glans Penis - Answer The enlarged tip with many sensory nerve endings
, Ejaculatory Duct - Answer Duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the
seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra
- semen collects there seconds before ejaculation
Semen - Answer A thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male
reproductive system
- contains sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles (fructose and prostaglandins),
prostate (alkaline buffer), and Cowper's (bulbourethral) gland (mucus).
Male Sex Characteristics - Answer two types, primary and secondary
Male Primary Sex Characteristics - Answer Reproductive structures that develop in utero and
are present at birth
- Due to the presence of a Y chromosome
Male Secondary Sex Characteristics - Answer - Begin development at puberty (not born with)
- Influenced by hormones like testosterone
- Maturation related: *sperm production (FSH)*, facial/axillary/pubic hair, increase in muscle
mass, *aggression*, maturation of penis, deeper voice (thickening of larynx), fat deposits on
abdomen, coarse skin, increase in metabolism, *sex drive*, etc...
Causes of male infertility - Answer 1. Hormonal: incorrect levels of FSH (for example) due to a
malfunctioning endocrine gland, tumors, compounds in the environment etc...
2. Other Causes:
- blocked vas deferens (sperm can't get from epididymis to ejaculatory duct) ex. congenital or
scarring from an STI
- injury/ inflammation
- extreme heat (undescended testes, fever)
- drugs/ medications (ex. chemotherapy)
- impotence (inability to get an erection); due to parasympathetic nerve damage, blood flow
issues, alcohol, drugs, stress
- reduced sperm mobility
Sperm - Answer Male gamete
- hormone for development = FSH
Carries limited energy reserves
- energy source during development = sertoli cells
