Reproductive System Review Guide
Questions With 100% Correct Answers
2026-2027 Updated.
1. What is the difference between gametes and gonads? - Answer -Gametes are reproductive
cells
-Gonads are reproductive organs
2. What is a zygote? - Answer Zygote - Union of two gametes
3. Trace the path of sperm in the male reproductive tract from the testicle to the urethral
opening. - Answer *View picture
4. Trace the path of an oocyte in the female reproductive tract from the ovary to the vaginal
opening. - Answer *View picture
5. Generally, compare and contrast the male and female reproductive system functions. -
Answer -Females produce 1 gamete(egg) per month
-Males produce large quantities of sperm daily (1/2 billion)
6. Describe the decent of the testes. - Answer The testes start off in the abdomen, and drop
down into the scrotum at about 7 months in the womb
7. Relate the structure of the spermatic cord to a male inguinal hernia. - Answer The spermatic
cord penetrates the inguinal ligament(inguinal canal) leaving a gap for organs and tissues to
easily go through. Therefore, men have a weaker inguinal ligament and because of that, they
can get inguinal hernia easier.
8. Describe the anatomy of the scrotum, making sure to include the functions of the cremaster
and dartos muscles. - Answer -Is divided into 2 chambers, or scrotal cavities
-Each testis lies in a separate scrotal chamber
-2 muscles involved
1. Dartos muscle: Elevates the testes
2. Cremaster muscle: Tenses the scrotum to pull testes closer to the body
9. How do the two muscles in the question above aid in the temperature regulation of the
testes? - Answer Allow proper conditions to produce sperm
, 10. What are the seminiferous tubules? What are the Leydig cells, spaced between the
seminiferous - Answer -Seminiferous tubules: produce sperm
-Cells of Leydig: interstitial cells between the seminiferous tubules that produce androgens
11. Outline ALL of the steps involved with spermatogenesis, making sure to address the
following terms. Take some time and get all these straight :
a. Spermatogonium
b. Primary Spermatocyte
c. Secondary Spermatocyte
d. Spermatid
e. Sperm
f. Nurse Cell
g. Diploid
h. Haploid
i. Spermiogenesis
j. Spermiation - Answer -Spermatogonium: Sperm starts as this
-Primary spermatocyte: 2nd phase sperm goes through(Goes through meiosis 1)
-Secondary spermatocyte: 3rd phase sperm goes through (meiosis 2)
-Spermatid: Next phase, sperm without tails
Sperm: Still immature, but they have tails
-Nurse cell: Helps develop spermacytes/spermatids
-Haploid: Having only have the number of chromosomes (in humans sex cells are haploid with
23 chromosomes)
-Diploid: Having the full number of chromosomes(human somatic cells are diploid with 46
chromosomes)
-Spermiogenesis: physical maturation of the sperm(Spermatid --> Sperm)
-Spermiation: Sperm loses attachment to nurse cell
12. Diagram the major regions (with their associated functions) of a sperm. - Answer 1. Head -
Contains acrosomal enzymes; chromosomes
2. Midpiece - Has mitochondria
3. Tail - Propels the sperm
13. How are spermatozoa (sperm) transported into the epididymis? - Answer Cilia
Questions With 100% Correct Answers
2026-2027 Updated.
1. What is the difference between gametes and gonads? - Answer -Gametes are reproductive
cells
-Gonads are reproductive organs
2. What is a zygote? - Answer Zygote - Union of two gametes
3. Trace the path of sperm in the male reproductive tract from the testicle to the urethral
opening. - Answer *View picture
4. Trace the path of an oocyte in the female reproductive tract from the ovary to the vaginal
opening. - Answer *View picture
5. Generally, compare and contrast the male and female reproductive system functions. -
Answer -Females produce 1 gamete(egg) per month
-Males produce large quantities of sperm daily (1/2 billion)
6. Describe the decent of the testes. - Answer The testes start off in the abdomen, and drop
down into the scrotum at about 7 months in the womb
7. Relate the structure of the spermatic cord to a male inguinal hernia. - Answer The spermatic
cord penetrates the inguinal ligament(inguinal canal) leaving a gap for organs and tissues to
easily go through. Therefore, men have a weaker inguinal ligament and because of that, they
can get inguinal hernia easier.
8. Describe the anatomy of the scrotum, making sure to include the functions of the cremaster
and dartos muscles. - Answer -Is divided into 2 chambers, or scrotal cavities
-Each testis lies in a separate scrotal chamber
-2 muscles involved
1. Dartos muscle: Elevates the testes
2. Cremaster muscle: Tenses the scrotum to pull testes closer to the body
9. How do the two muscles in the question above aid in the temperature regulation of the
testes? - Answer Allow proper conditions to produce sperm
, 10. What are the seminiferous tubules? What are the Leydig cells, spaced between the
seminiferous - Answer -Seminiferous tubules: produce sperm
-Cells of Leydig: interstitial cells between the seminiferous tubules that produce androgens
11. Outline ALL of the steps involved with spermatogenesis, making sure to address the
following terms. Take some time and get all these straight :
a. Spermatogonium
b. Primary Spermatocyte
c. Secondary Spermatocyte
d. Spermatid
e. Sperm
f. Nurse Cell
g. Diploid
h. Haploid
i. Spermiogenesis
j. Spermiation - Answer -Spermatogonium: Sperm starts as this
-Primary spermatocyte: 2nd phase sperm goes through(Goes through meiosis 1)
-Secondary spermatocyte: 3rd phase sperm goes through (meiosis 2)
-Spermatid: Next phase, sperm without tails
Sperm: Still immature, but they have tails
-Nurse cell: Helps develop spermacytes/spermatids
-Haploid: Having only have the number of chromosomes (in humans sex cells are haploid with
23 chromosomes)
-Diploid: Having the full number of chromosomes(human somatic cells are diploid with 46
chromosomes)
-Spermiogenesis: physical maturation of the sperm(Spermatid --> Sperm)
-Spermiation: Sperm loses attachment to nurse cell
12. Diagram the major regions (with their associated functions) of a sperm. - Answer 1. Head -
Contains acrosomal enzymes; chromosomes
2. Midpiece - Has mitochondria
3. Tail - Propels the sperm
13. How are spermatozoa (sperm) transported into the epididymis? - Answer Cilia
