ABFM In training exam pearls 100% Verified Questions
& Answers
Q: |Latest 2025
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), what meds, and what do you have check first?
Answer:
Emtricitabine/tenofovir gotta check Hep B first
Q: -apparently they kill hep B too, so if you suddenly stop the med, then reactivated hep B can lead to liver disease
entry to balloon time for PCI!
Answer:
120 minutes
Q: time limit from onset of MI to balloon time
Answer:
should get it done w/in 12 hours
Q: Absolute contraindications to Fibrinolysis
Answer:
Previous hemorrhage stroke Previous ischemic stroke (4.5hrs-3months prior)
Q: Suspected aortic dissection
Active bleeding (except menstruation) BP >180/110 (severe hypertension)
Streptokinase 6 months prior
acute cholecystitis
Answer:
Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall
Q: Patient with pulmonary HTN due to left heart failure, can they have vasodilators (PDE5?)
Answer:
NO! can make things worse
Q: -maximize heart failure treatment!
Sever's Diseaese
Answer:
Calcaneal apophysitis, also called Sever's disease, is a common cause of heel pain in young athletes, especially those who
participate in basketball, soccer, track, and other sports that involve
Q: running. Typically the heel apophysis closes by age 15. Treatment options include activity modification, the use of ice
packs and/or moist heat, stretching, analgesics, and orthotic devices. The use of therapeutic ultrasound on the active bone
growth plates in children is contraindicated.
,in pressure ulcers what solutions to avoid, and what to use!
Answer:
recommended that pressure ulcers not be cleaned with povidone/iodine, Dakin's solution, hydrogen peroxide, wet-to-dry
dressings, or any solutions that may impede granulation tissue formation. These sites should be cleaned with either saline
or tap water and covered with hydrocolloid, foam, or another nonadherent dressing that promotes a moist environment.
Q: Chronic paraoxysmal hemicrania
Answer:
resembles cluster headache but has some important differences. Like cluster headaches, these headaches are unilateral and
accompanied by conjunctival hyperemia and rhinorrhea. However, these headaches are more frequent in women, and the
paroxysms occur many times each day. This type of headache falls into a group of headaches that have been labeled
indomethacin-responsive headaches because they respond dramatically to *indomethacin.*
Q: normal spirometry but low DLCO
Answer:
chronic pulmonary embolus
Q: give amoxicillin only if prior endocarditis, prosthetic valve, heart txp, or severe or repaired congenital heart
Answer:
Antibiotic ppx for dental procedures
Q: -if allergic to penicillin, then give clinda!!
when to refer patient with CKD to nephrology
Answer:
Current guidelines recommend referral to a nephrologist if a patient's renal disease is either of unknown etiology, is
deteriorating quickly (eGFR decreasing by >5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year), or is severe. Thresholds used to define severe
chronic kidney disease include an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urine albumin to creatinine ratio >300 g/mg, persistent
acidosis or potassium imbalance, non-iron deficiency anemia with a hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, and evidence of
secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Q: Causes of peripheral neuropathy
Answer:
common treatable causes of peripheral neuropathy, which include
Q: *diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and nutritional deficiencies*. Additional causes of peripheral neuropathy include
*chronic liver disease and renal disease*. It is important to consider medications as a possible cause,
including *amiodarone, digoxin, nitrofurantoin, and statins. Excessive alcohol* use is another important consideration. In
addition think *MGUS, and Multiple Myeloma*
Failure rates of contraception
Answer:
The annual failure rate of combined oral contraceptive pills with typical use is 9%. Typical failure rates for other
contraceptive methods are 0.2% for the levonorgestrel IUD, 6% for injectable progestin, 18% for male condoms, and 22%
for the withdrawal method.
, Q: mental status exam for acute changes like delerium
Answer:
Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
Q: to diagnose adult ADHD, symptoms must be present before what age?
Answer:
Age 12
Q: Complications of GERD in infants
Answer:
Gastroesophageal reflux accounts for a significant number of cases of failure to thrive, crib death, and recurrent
pneumonia. Features of gastroesophageal reflux include a history of recurrent pneumonia, a low growth curve, a family
history of sudden infant death syndrome, and normocytic anemia.
Q: coining "sickness leaving body"
Answer:
it's a south asian thing, kids have multiple red welts and superficial abrasions scattered on chest and upper back
Q: thyroid replacement in the setting of gastritis
Answer:
need to increase by 30% because gastritis decreases absorption of thyroid. ex: h. pylori, treat h.pylori to negate this effect
Q: cubital tunnel syndrome
Answer:
irritation, compression, and entrapment of the ulnar nerve
Q: in ages 5-16, what is the most common agent that causes pneumonia
Answer:
mycoplasma - treat with azithromycin
Q: what halts the worsening of thyroid complications such as myxedema and exophthalmos
Answer:
treating with methimazole
Q: If MRSA bacteremia, when do you get repeat blood cultures?
Answer:
2-4 days
Q: a type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic ie hotel stay or cruise ship
Answer:
& Answers
Q: |Latest 2025
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), what meds, and what do you have check first?
Answer:
Emtricitabine/tenofovir gotta check Hep B first
Q: -apparently they kill hep B too, so if you suddenly stop the med, then reactivated hep B can lead to liver disease
entry to balloon time for PCI!
Answer:
120 minutes
Q: time limit from onset of MI to balloon time
Answer:
should get it done w/in 12 hours
Q: Absolute contraindications to Fibrinolysis
Answer:
Previous hemorrhage stroke Previous ischemic stroke (4.5hrs-3months prior)
Q: Suspected aortic dissection
Active bleeding (except menstruation) BP >180/110 (severe hypertension)
Streptokinase 6 months prior
acute cholecystitis
Answer:
Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall
Q: Patient with pulmonary HTN due to left heart failure, can they have vasodilators (PDE5?)
Answer:
NO! can make things worse
Q: -maximize heart failure treatment!
Sever's Diseaese
Answer:
Calcaneal apophysitis, also called Sever's disease, is a common cause of heel pain in young athletes, especially those who
participate in basketball, soccer, track, and other sports that involve
Q: running. Typically the heel apophysis closes by age 15. Treatment options include activity modification, the use of ice
packs and/or moist heat, stretching, analgesics, and orthotic devices. The use of therapeutic ultrasound on the active bone
growth plates in children is contraindicated.
,in pressure ulcers what solutions to avoid, and what to use!
Answer:
recommended that pressure ulcers not be cleaned with povidone/iodine, Dakin's solution, hydrogen peroxide, wet-to-dry
dressings, or any solutions that may impede granulation tissue formation. These sites should be cleaned with either saline
or tap water and covered with hydrocolloid, foam, or another nonadherent dressing that promotes a moist environment.
Q: Chronic paraoxysmal hemicrania
Answer:
resembles cluster headache but has some important differences. Like cluster headaches, these headaches are unilateral and
accompanied by conjunctival hyperemia and rhinorrhea. However, these headaches are more frequent in women, and the
paroxysms occur many times each day. This type of headache falls into a group of headaches that have been labeled
indomethacin-responsive headaches because they respond dramatically to *indomethacin.*
Q: normal spirometry but low DLCO
Answer:
chronic pulmonary embolus
Q: give amoxicillin only if prior endocarditis, prosthetic valve, heart txp, or severe or repaired congenital heart
Answer:
Antibiotic ppx for dental procedures
Q: -if allergic to penicillin, then give clinda!!
when to refer patient with CKD to nephrology
Answer:
Current guidelines recommend referral to a nephrologist if a patient's renal disease is either of unknown etiology, is
deteriorating quickly (eGFR decreasing by >5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year), or is severe. Thresholds used to define severe
chronic kidney disease include an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, a urine albumin to creatinine ratio >300 g/mg, persistent
acidosis or potassium imbalance, non-iron deficiency anemia with a hemoglobin level <10 g/dL, and evidence of
secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Q: Causes of peripheral neuropathy
Answer:
common treatable causes of peripheral neuropathy, which include
Q: *diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and nutritional deficiencies*. Additional causes of peripheral neuropathy include
*chronic liver disease and renal disease*. It is important to consider medications as a possible cause,
including *amiodarone, digoxin, nitrofurantoin, and statins. Excessive alcohol* use is another important consideration. In
addition think *MGUS, and Multiple Myeloma*
Failure rates of contraception
Answer:
The annual failure rate of combined oral contraceptive pills with typical use is 9%. Typical failure rates for other
contraceptive methods are 0.2% for the levonorgestrel IUD, 6% for injectable progestin, 18% for male condoms, and 22%
for the withdrawal method.
, Q: mental status exam for acute changes like delerium
Answer:
Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
Q: to diagnose adult ADHD, symptoms must be present before what age?
Answer:
Age 12
Q: Complications of GERD in infants
Answer:
Gastroesophageal reflux accounts for a significant number of cases of failure to thrive, crib death, and recurrent
pneumonia. Features of gastroesophageal reflux include a history of recurrent pneumonia, a low growth curve, a family
history of sudden infant death syndrome, and normocytic anemia.
Q: coining "sickness leaving body"
Answer:
it's a south asian thing, kids have multiple red welts and superficial abrasions scattered on chest and upper back
Q: thyroid replacement in the setting of gastritis
Answer:
need to increase by 30% because gastritis decreases absorption of thyroid. ex: h. pylori, treat h.pylori to negate this effect
Q: cubital tunnel syndrome
Answer:
irritation, compression, and entrapment of the ulnar nerve
Q: in ages 5-16, what is the most common agent that causes pneumonia
Answer:
mycoplasma - treat with azithromycin
Q: what halts the worsening of thyroid complications such as myxedema and exophthalmos
Answer:
treating with methimazole
Q: If MRSA bacteremia, when do you get repeat blood cultures?
Answer:
2-4 days
Q: a type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic ie hotel stay or cruise ship
Answer:
