Patho 370 Midterm
Emesis causes: A. Metabolic alkalosis.
A. Metabolic alkalosis. Emesis causes metabolic alkalosis as the stomach is a major reservoir for acids.
Emesis causes a metabolic acid-base imbalance as it is not related to the
B. Respiratory acidosis. respiratory system. Emesis involves loss of gastric acid and fluid and causes an
alkalotic disruption.
C. Metabolic alkalosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment D. Absent peripheral pulses.
syndrome?
Compartment syndrome creates an effective absence of arterial circulation to
A. Peripheral edema. an extremity. Swelling within a cast or tight dressing may contribute to the
development of compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome creates
B. Redness and swelling. pallor in the affected extremity. Acute arterial occlusion is an emergency, and
could result in profound ischemia in the involved limb.
C. Atrophy of distal tissues.
D. Absent peripheral pulses.
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction D. Stable angina.
continues to complain of intermittent chest pain
brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely Stable angina is the most common form of chest pain and is characterized by
cause of this pain is: pain that is caused under conditions of increased myocardial workload, such as
physical exertion or emotional strain. Pain related to myocardial infarction is
A. Unstable angina. not relieved by rest. Coronary vasospasm is characterized by unpredictable
attacks of angina pain. A patient with unstable angina presents with symptoms
B. Coronary vasospasm. similar to myocardial infarction.
C. Myocardial infarction.
D. Stable angina.
Page 1
,Patho 370 Midterm
The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history B. The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are
of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of
accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing The airway inflammation, edema, and bronchoconstriction of acute asthma may
and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you occlude small airways completely, so that no air is moving, which requires
interpret your assessment? emergency intervention. Alicia has a history of asthma rather than pneumonia.
Asthma can occur without wheezing. This is an emergency situation that
A. Since there is not wheezing, asthma is the problem, requires you to start oxygen and notify the physician.
but oxygen should be started immediately anyway.
B. The child may be having such a severe asthma
episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen
and get the doctor immediately.
C. The child probably has consolidated pneumonia;
oxygen should be started immediately.
D. The signs and symptoms are consistent with asthma;
start oxygen and then check to see that your
stethoscope is working properly.
The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic C. Recurrent infection.
bronchitis is the result of:
Mucus provides a hospitable environment for bacterial colonization and
A. Destruction of alveolar septa. recurrent infection. Destruction of alveolar septa and reduced inflammation are
not complications of chronic bronchitis. Hypersecretion of mucus does not
B. Reduced inflammation. contribute to barrel chest.
C. Recurrent infection.
d. Barrel chest.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is: C. Infection.
A. Malnutrition. Infection is the most common cause of death in the immunocompromised
patient, because it can become a life-threatening sepsis. Malnutrition can be a
b. Kidney failure. side effect of the disease process or the treatment. Hypovolemic shock is not
generally associated with leukemic disease. There is no direct connection
C. Infection. between kidney failure and death in leukemia, although kidney failure may
occur as a result of treatment.
D. Hypovolemic shock.
Page 2
, Patho 370 Midterm
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month- A. If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
old baby, who is throwing up and has frequent diarrhea, between his cheek and gums, then he is probably dehydrated.
is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
Checking whether the head feels sunken and the mouth is dry between check
A. "If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and gums are useful assessments of ECV deficit in an infant, which is an
and his mouth is dry between his cheek and his gums, important part of clinical dehydration. It is true that clinical dehydration is the
then he is probably dehydrated." combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit and hypernatremia, but it does
not address the question Mr. Worry is asking. Although the diaper information
B. "If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his provides a useful assessment, neck veins are not a reliable assessment in an
neck veins look flat when he is lying down, then he is infant. Drowsiness and fatigue are not reliable assessments for dehydration.
probably dehydrated."
C. "If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he
is awake, then he is probably dehydrated."
D. "Clinical dehydration is the combination of
extracellular fluid volume deficit and hypernatremia, so
those are the diagnostic criteria."
Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily D. Cellular fluid shifts.
as a result of:
Sodium imbalances alter osmolality of fluid compartment leading to osmosis of
A. Hypovolemia. water from the hypo-osmolar compartment to the hyperosmolar compartment.
In brain cells, this leads to swelling or shrinkage of cells, and associated
B. Vascular collapse. manifestations.
C. Hyperosmolarity.
D. Cellular fluid shifts.
A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.
recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3
weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical Antihypertensive drug therapy is not the first intervention in a person with
history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 modifiable risk factors. Therefore, lifestyle alterations are attempted first.
packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, Lifestyle alterations include exercise, smoking cessation, and weight loss. Blood
and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. pressure should be rechecked in 4 to 6 weeks. Smoking cessation counseling is
overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. an appropriate lifestyle alteration.
At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is
150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate
intervention for this patient at this time?
A. Encourage smoking cessation.
B. Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks.
C. Begin lifestyle modifications.
D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.
Page 3
Emesis causes: A. Metabolic alkalosis.
A. Metabolic alkalosis. Emesis causes metabolic alkalosis as the stomach is a major reservoir for acids.
Emesis causes a metabolic acid-base imbalance as it is not related to the
B. Respiratory acidosis. respiratory system. Emesis involves loss of gastric acid and fluid and causes an
alkalotic disruption.
C. Metabolic alkalosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis.
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment D. Absent peripheral pulses.
syndrome?
Compartment syndrome creates an effective absence of arterial circulation to
A. Peripheral edema. an extremity. Swelling within a cast or tight dressing may contribute to the
development of compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome creates
B. Redness and swelling. pallor in the affected extremity. Acute arterial occlusion is an emergency, and
could result in profound ischemia in the involved limb.
C. Atrophy of distal tissues.
D. Absent peripheral pulses.
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction D. Stable angina.
continues to complain of intermittent chest pain
brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely Stable angina is the most common form of chest pain and is characterized by
cause of this pain is: pain that is caused under conditions of increased myocardial workload, such as
physical exertion or emotional strain. Pain related to myocardial infarction is
A. Unstable angina. not relieved by rest. Coronary vasospasm is characterized by unpredictable
attacks of angina pain. A patient with unstable angina presents with symptoms
B. Coronary vasospasm. similar to myocardial infarction.
C. Myocardial infarction.
D. Stable angina.
Page 1
,Patho 370 Midterm
The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history B. The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are
of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of
accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing The airway inflammation, edema, and bronchoconstriction of acute asthma may
and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you occlude small airways completely, so that no air is moving, which requires
interpret your assessment? emergency intervention. Alicia has a history of asthma rather than pneumonia.
Asthma can occur without wheezing. This is an emergency situation that
A. Since there is not wheezing, asthma is the problem, requires you to start oxygen and notify the physician.
but oxygen should be started immediately anyway.
B. The child may be having such a severe asthma
episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen
and get the doctor immediately.
C. The child probably has consolidated pneumonia;
oxygen should be started immediately.
D. The signs and symptoms are consistent with asthma;
start oxygen and then check to see that your
stethoscope is working properly.
The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic C. Recurrent infection.
bronchitis is the result of:
Mucus provides a hospitable environment for bacterial colonization and
A. Destruction of alveolar septa. recurrent infection. Destruction of alveolar septa and reduced inflammation are
not complications of chronic bronchitis. Hypersecretion of mucus does not
B. Reduced inflammation. contribute to barrel chest.
C. Recurrent infection.
d. Barrel chest.
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is: C. Infection.
A. Malnutrition. Infection is the most common cause of death in the immunocompromised
patient, because it can become a life-threatening sepsis. Malnutrition can be a
b. Kidney failure. side effect of the disease process or the treatment. Hypovolemic shock is not
generally associated with leukemic disease. There is no direct connection
C. Infection. between kidney failure and death in leukemia, although kidney failure may
occur as a result of treatment.
D. Hypovolemic shock.
Page 2
, Patho 370 Midterm
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month- A. If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
old baby, who is throwing up and has frequent diarrhea, between his cheek and gums, then he is probably dehydrated.
is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
Checking whether the head feels sunken and the mouth is dry between check
A. "If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and gums are useful assessments of ECV deficit in an infant, which is an
and his mouth is dry between his cheek and his gums, important part of clinical dehydration. It is true that clinical dehydration is the
then he is probably dehydrated." combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit and hypernatremia, but it does
not address the question Mr. Worry is asking. Although the diaper information
B. "If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his provides a useful assessment, neck veins are not a reliable assessment in an
neck veins look flat when he is lying down, then he is infant. Drowsiness and fatigue are not reliable assessments for dehydration.
probably dehydrated."
C. "If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he
is awake, then he is probably dehydrated."
D. "Clinical dehydration is the combination of
extracellular fluid volume deficit and hypernatremia, so
those are the diagnostic criteria."
Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily D. Cellular fluid shifts.
as a result of:
Sodium imbalances alter osmolality of fluid compartment leading to osmosis of
A. Hypovolemia. water from the hypo-osmolar compartment to the hyperosmolar compartment.
In brain cells, this leads to swelling or shrinkage of cells, and associated
B. Vascular collapse. manifestations.
C. Hyperosmolarity.
D. Cellular fluid shifts.
A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.
recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3
weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical Antihypertensive drug therapy is not the first intervention in a person with
history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 modifiable risk factors. Therefore, lifestyle alterations are attempted first.
packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, Lifestyle alterations include exercise, smoking cessation, and weight loss. Blood
and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. pressure should be rechecked in 4 to 6 weeks. Smoking cessation counseling is
overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. an appropriate lifestyle alteration.
At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is
150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate
intervention for this patient at this time?
A. Encourage smoking cessation.
B. Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks.
C. Begin lifestyle modifications.
D. Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.
Page 3
