NURSG 125 HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURSING
TESTBANK EXAM 2026/2027 LATEST ALL
STUDY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES 100%
GUARANTEED PASS | RATED A+
,NURSG 125 HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURSING TESTBANK
EXAM 2026/2027 LATEST ALL STUDY QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES 100%
GUARANTEED PASS | RATED A+
A patient has sustained a traumatic brain injury but is able to follow simple commands and can
manipulate objects. The term used to describe this state is:
A. coma
B. vegetative
C. minimally conscious
D. locked-in syndrome - Answer>>> C. minimally conscious
The term minimally conscious refers to severely altered consciousness in which the person
demonstrates minimal but defined behavioral evidence of self or environmental awareness. The
clinical features include following simple commands, manipulation of objects, gestural or verbal
yes/no responses, intelligible verbalization, and stereotypical movements. Locked-in syndrome
describes an individual who has both the content of thought and the level of arousal intact. The
efferent pathways are disrupted, which means the individual cannot communicate through speech
or body movement. Coma is a state of neurobehavioral unresponsiveness. Vegetative state is a
wakeful unconscious state.
An elderly woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which cell would be most active in her
bones?
A. Osteocytes
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteoclasts
D. Lacuna - Answer>>> C. Osteoclasts
,Osteoclasts are the cells that resorb or break down bone and subsequently cause osteoporosis.
Osteocytes are osteoblasts that became entrapped in the osteoid and become relatively
nonfunctional. Osteoblasts are the cells that form bone. Lacuna are the spaces in hardened bone
where osteocytes are located.
When discussing common clinical manifestations of hypokalemia (low serum potassium), it is
correct to state that: Select all that apply.
A. carbohydrate metabolism is affected due to decreased insulin secretion.
B. renal function is impaired.
C. neuromuscular excitability is decreased.
D. skeletal muscle contractility is increased.
E. smooth muscle tone is increased. - Answer>>> A. carbohydrate metabolism is affected due to
decreased insulin secretion.
B. renal function is impaired.
C. neuromuscular excitability is decreased.
Carbohydrate metabolism is affected secondary to decreased insulin secretion. Renal function
may be impaired, and renal tubular atrophy and fibrosis may occur. Skeletal muscle will be
weak, as neuromuscular excitability is decreased. Loss of smooth muscle tone is manifested by
constipation, intestinal distention, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and paralytic ileus (paralysis of
the intestinal muscles).
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is responsible for the development of
chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
a) Glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertrophy
b) Immune-mediated destruction of renal tubules
, c) Obstruction of urinary flow due to kidney stones
d) Progressive loss of nephrons and renal function over time - Answer>>> d) progressive loss of
nephrons and renal function over time
A newly diagnosed diabetic patient will exhibit symptoms of: Select all that apply.
A. polydipsia.
B. anuria.
C. polyphagia.
D. weight loss.
E. loss of muscle mass. - Answer>>> A. polydipsia.
C. polyphagia.
D. weight loss.
Excessive thirst and hunger as well as weight loss will likely be seen in a diabetic patient.
Polyuria, not anuria, is seen. Loss of muscle mass is not a symptom of diabetes mellitus.
In a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which of the following pathophysiological changes is
primarily responsible for insulin resistance?
a) Decreased secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells
b) Impaired glucose uptake by peripheral tissues
c) Hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of insulin receptor signaling
d) Dysregulation of hepatic glucose production - Answer>>> b) impaired glucose uptake by
peripheral tissues
Biochemical messengers produced by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to a pathogen
are called:
A. interleukins.
TESTBANK EXAM 2026/2027 LATEST ALL
STUDY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES 100%
GUARANTEED PASS | RATED A+
,NURSG 125 HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURSING TESTBANK
EXAM 2026/2027 LATEST ALL STUDY QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES 100%
GUARANTEED PASS | RATED A+
A patient has sustained a traumatic brain injury but is able to follow simple commands and can
manipulate objects. The term used to describe this state is:
A. coma
B. vegetative
C. minimally conscious
D. locked-in syndrome - Answer>>> C. minimally conscious
The term minimally conscious refers to severely altered consciousness in which the person
demonstrates minimal but defined behavioral evidence of self or environmental awareness. The
clinical features include following simple commands, manipulation of objects, gestural or verbal
yes/no responses, intelligible verbalization, and stereotypical movements. Locked-in syndrome
describes an individual who has both the content of thought and the level of arousal intact. The
efferent pathways are disrupted, which means the individual cannot communicate through speech
or body movement. Coma is a state of neurobehavioral unresponsiveness. Vegetative state is a
wakeful unconscious state.
An elderly woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which cell would be most active in her
bones?
A. Osteocytes
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteoclasts
D. Lacuna - Answer>>> C. Osteoclasts
,Osteoclasts are the cells that resorb or break down bone and subsequently cause osteoporosis.
Osteocytes are osteoblasts that became entrapped in the osteoid and become relatively
nonfunctional. Osteoblasts are the cells that form bone. Lacuna are the spaces in hardened bone
where osteocytes are located.
When discussing common clinical manifestations of hypokalemia (low serum potassium), it is
correct to state that: Select all that apply.
A. carbohydrate metabolism is affected due to decreased insulin secretion.
B. renal function is impaired.
C. neuromuscular excitability is decreased.
D. skeletal muscle contractility is increased.
E. smooth muscle tone is increased. - Answer>>> A. carbohydrate metabolism is affected due to
decreased insulin secretion.
B. renal function is impaired.
C. neuromuscular excitability is decreased.
Carbohydrate metabolism is affected secondary to decreased insulin secretion. Renal function
may be impaired, and renal tubular atrophy and fibrosis may occur. Skeletal muscle will be
weak, as neuromuscular excitability is decreased. Loss of smooth muscle tone is manifested by
constipation, intestinal distention, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and paralytic ileus (paralysis of
the intestinal muscles).
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms is responsible for the development of
chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
a) Glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertrophy
b) Immune-mediated destruction of renal tubules
, c) Obstruction of urinary flow due to kidney stones
d) Progressive loss of nephrons and renal function over time - Answer>>> d) progressive loss of
nephrons and renal function over time
A newly diagnosed diabetic patient will exhibit symptoms of: Select all that apply.
A. polydipsia.
B. anuria.
C. polyphagia.
D. weight loss.
E. loss of muscle mass. - Answer>>> A. polydipsia.
C. polyphagia.
D. weight loss.
Excessive thirst and hunger as well as weight loss will likely be seen in a diabetic patient.
Polyuria, not anuria, is seen. Loss of muscle mass is not a symptom of diabetes mellitus.
In a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which of the following pathophysiological changes is
primarily responsible for insulin resistance?
a) Decreased secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells
b) Impaired glucose uptake by peripheral tissues
c) Hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of insulin receptor signaling
d) Dysregulation of hepatic glucose production - Answer>>> b) impaired glucose uptake by
peripheral tissues
Biochemical messengers produced by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to a pathogen
are called:
A. interleukins.
