NR668 Week 2 Exam Study Guide
– Practice Questions with Verified
Answers. GRADED A+. Latest
2026/2027 Update
Theoretical models in psychotherapy - Answer✔✔--Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs
-Health Belief Model
-Transtheoretical Model of Change
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answer✔✔--Abraham Maslow theorized that all
individuals have the same basic needs
-provides a framework for understanding client motivation
-first four levels of need in the hierarchy
• physiological needs, safety, love & belonging, esteem
• deficiency needs (D-needs)
• Motivation decreases once D-needs are met
-highest level of need
• self-actualization
• considered a growth or being need (B-need)
-Once D-needs are met, clients can focus on self-actualization and personal
growth
,-A self-actualized person is self-fulfilled.
Qualities exhibited by the self-actualized person include: - Answer✔✔-
independence, autonomy, creativity, and maturity
Ed is a 32-year-old client who is beginning psychotherapy with the PMHNP.
During the interview, Ed shares that he has been unemployed for the past 6
months due to consolidation at his former place of employment. Since then, he
reports that he has had difficulty sleeping due to worries about what he should
do. His wife has a full-time job with health benefits and has been supportive of
him taking time to find the ideal position while he is collecting unemployment;
however, his unemployment will run out in a few months. He would love to
find a position that would allow him to use his artistic talents but expresses a
lack of self-confidence in his ability to succeed in a new position. Ed reports
that he has felt somewhat isolated now that he doesn't see his friends at work.
The PMHNP has identified needs for Ed at all levels of Maslow's hierarchy. Drag
the client's concern to the appropriate level of the hierarchy - Answer✔✔-
Physiological: difficulty sleeping
Safety: unemployment
Love/belonging: isolation
Esteem: lack of self-confidence
Self-actualization: the need for creativity
The client expresses that his goal is to focus on improving his self-confidence.
Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is Ed likely to be prepared to explore his
lack of self-confidence?
Yes
No - Answer✔✔-No
,Rationale: Because Ed has unmet needs at the physiological, safety, and
love/belonging levels of the hierarchy, he may not yet be prepared to explore
self-confidence. The PMHNP may need to help the client address more
foundational needs as part of the initial therapy before helping him focus on
improving his confidence.
Health Belief Model - Answer✔✔--used to explain and predict health behaviors
-person's belief about a perceived threat of illness combined with belief in the
effectiveness of the recommended action predict the person's willingness to
change
-constructs:
• perceived seriousness
• perceived susceptibility
• perceived benefits of treatment
• perceived barriers to treatment
• cues to action
• self-efficacy
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived susceptibility - Answer✔✔-clients
must believe they are susceptible to the condition
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived severity - Answer✔✔-clients must
believe the condition has serious consequences if left unattended
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived benefits - Answer✔✔-clients must
believe that taking action reduces their susceptibility
, Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived barriers - Answer✔✔-clients must
believe that the benefits of acting are greater than the barriers perceived
Health Belief Model Constructs: Cue to action - Answer✔✔-clients are exposed
to something that causes them to act, such as an ad or discussion with a
provider
Health Belief Model Constructs: Self-efficacy - Answer✔✔-clients feel they can
succeed when performing an action
Transtheoretical Model of Change - Answer✔✔--assumes that behavior
changes take place over time & that people move through stages of decision-
making to make changes to behavior
-five stages
1. precontemplation
• not aware or interested in change
2. contemplation
• begin thinking about change
3. preparation
• plan for change
4. action
• change old habits and gain new, healthier habits
5. maintenance
• continue with healthier behaviors
– Practice Questions with Verified
Answers. GRADED A+. Latest
2026/2027 Update
Theoretical models in psychotherapy - Answer✔✔--Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs
-Health Belief Model
-Transtheoretical Model of Change
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answer✔✔--Abraham Maslow theorized that all
individuals have the same basic needs
-provides a framework for understanding client motivation
-first four levels of need in the hierarchy
• physiological needs, safety, love & belonging, esteem
• deficiency needs (D-needs)
• Motivation decreases once D-needs are met
-highest level of need
• self-actualization
• considered a growth or being need (B-need)
-Once D-needs are met, clients can focus on self-actualization and personal
growth
,-A self-actualized person is self-fulfilled.
Qualities exhibited by the self-actualized person include: - Answer✔✔-
independence, autonomy, creativity, and maturity
Ed is a 32-year-old client who is beginning psychotherapy with the PMHNP.
During the interview, Ed shares that he has been unemployed for the past 6
months due to consolidation at his former place of employment. Since then, he
reports that he has had difficulty sleeping due to worries about what he should
do. His wife has a full-time job with health benefits and has been supportive of
him taking time to find the ideal position while he is collecting unemployment;
however, his unemployment will run out in a few months. He would love to
find a position that would allow him to use his artistic talents but expresses a
lack of self-confidence in his ability to succeed in a new position. Ed reports
that he has felt somewhat isolated now that he doesn't see his friends at work.
The PMHNP has identified needs for Ed at all levels of Maslow's hierarchy. Drag
the client's concern to the appropriate level of the hierarchy - Answer✔✔-
Physiological: difficulty sleeping
Safety: unemployment
Love/belonging: isolation
Esteem: lack of self-confidence
Self-actualization: the need for creativity
The client expresses that his goal is to focus on improving his self-confidence.
Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is Ed likely to be prepared to explore his
lack of self-confidence?
Yes
No - Answer✔✔-No
,Rationale: Because Ed has unmet needs at the physiological, safety, and
love/belonging levels of the hierarchy, he may not yet be prepared to explore
self-confidence. The PMHNP may need to help the client address more
foundational needs as part of the initial therapy before helping him focus on
improving his confidence.
Health Belief Model - Answer✔✔--used to explain and predict health behaviors
-person's belief about a perceived threat of illness combined with belief in the
effectiveness of the recommended action predict the person's willingness to
change
-constructs:
• perceived seriousness
• perceived susceptibility
• perceived benefits of treatment
• perceived barriers to treatment
• cues to action
• self-efficacy
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived susceptibility - Answer✔✔-clients
must believe they are susceptible to the condition
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived severity - Answer✔✔-clients must
believe the condition has serious consequences if left unattended
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived benefits - Answer✔✔-clients must
believe that taking action reduces their susceptibility
, Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived barriers - Answer✔✔-clients must
believe that the benefits of acting are greater than the barriers perceived
Health Belief Model Constructs: Cue to action - Answer✔✔-clients are exposed
to something that causes them to act, such as an ad or discussion with a
provider
Health Belief Model Constructs: Self-efficacy - Answer✔✔-clients feel they can
succeed when performing an action
Transtheoretical Model of Change - Answer✔✔--assumes that behavior
changes take place over time & that people move through stages of decision-
making to make changes to behavior
-five stages
1. precontemplation
• not aware or interested in change
2. contemplation
• begin thinking about change
3. preparation
• plan for change
4. action
• change old habits and gain new, healthier habits
5. maintenance
• continue with healthier behaviors
