NSG 3113 Pathophysiology Exam 1 – Questions With
Comprehensive Solutions
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Practice questions for this set
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- when active transport is not functioning, normal osmotic balance is altered,
sodium is increased b/c it can't be adequately pumped out cell, draws in water
causing cell swelling
- edema
Choose an answer
1 atrophy 2 dysfunction na/k pump
, 3 benign neoplasms 4 paralysis
Don't know?
Terms in this set (130)
atrophy - cells revert to smaller size in response to changes in
metabolism
- when a cell's environment cannot support its
metabolic requirements
- allows for less metabolic demand and more efficient
functioning that is compatible with survival
hypertrophy - increase in cell size results in an enlargement of
functioning tissue mass
- each individual cell becomes larger
- leads to greater metabolic demand/energy needs
adaptive - response to stress
- maintain hemostasis
maladaptive - disruptions to function
paralysis - condition causes lack of muscle contraction, loss of
nerve stimulation, and decreased workload of the
muscles, the size of skeletal muscle cells decrease
and undergo diminished metabolic activity
physiological hypertrophy - in a well-trained athlete, each individual myocardial
cell is enlarged which enhances coronary bloody
supply of the cells and delivers large amounts of
oxygen and nutrients
- angiogenesis
, pathological hypertrophy - in long-standing hypertension, elevated blood
pressure increases workload for left ventricle, which
increases each cardiac muscle cell in size without
increase in blood growth/supply of vessels.
- the ventricle outgrows supply of blood flow and is
susceptible to inadequate blood flow (ischemia)
- can occur in disease/maladaptive environments
metaplasia in GERD, the lower esophageal sphincter is weakened
which allows stomach acid into the lower esophagus
causing inflammation of the esophagus (if prolonged
or not treated) normal epithelial cells
transform/change into columnar stomach-like cells
hyperplasia - only cells capable of mitotic division
(epithelium/glandular tissue)
- stimulated by hormonal or compensatory
mechanisms
- cell mass necessary for regeneration to be
exceeded
hyperplasia - in pregnancy, estrogen stimulation results in mitotic
division of breast gland cells
- a keloid is the overgrowth of granulation tissue
during the wound repair process
dysplasia - cellular change
- d/t chronic inflammation/precancerous condition
* often detected on Pap during cervical exam;
precursor to cancer of cervix
neoplasm - new, uncontrolled, uncoordinated proliferative cell
growth that is cancerous
- tumor
- well-differentiated and contained w/n one location
Comprehensive Solutions
Add to calendar
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Practice questions for this set
Learn 1 /7 Study with Learn
- when active transport is not functioning, normal osmotic balance is altered,
sodium is increased b/c it can't be adequately pumped out cell, draws in water
causing cell swelling
- edema
Choose an answer
1 atrophy 2 dysfunction na/k pump
, 3 benign neoplasms 4 paralysis
Don't know?
Terms in this set (130)
atrophy - cells revert to smaller size in response to changes in
metabolism
- when a cell's environment cannot support its
metabolic requirements
- allows for less metabolic demand and more efficient
functioning that is compatible with survival
hypertrophy - increase in cell size results in an enlargement of
functioning tissue mass
- each individual cell becomes larger
- leads to greater metabolic demand/energy needs
adaptive - response to stress
- maintain hemostasis
maladaptive - disruptions to function
paralysis - condition causes lack of muscle contraction, loss of
nerve stimulation, and decreased workload of the
muscles, the size of skeletal muscle cells decrease
and undergo diminished metabolic activity
physiological hypertrophy - in a well-trained athlete, each individual myocardial
cell is enlarged which enhances coronary bloody
supply of the cells and delivers large amounts of
oxygen and nutrients
- angiogenesis
, pathological hypertrophy - in long-standing hypertension, elevated blood
pressure increases workload for left ventricle, which
increases each cardiac muscle cell in size without
increase in blood growth/supply of vessels.
- the ventricle outgrows supply of blood flow and is
susceptible to inadequate blood flow (ischemia)
- can occur in disease/maladaptive environments
metaplasia in GERD, the lower esophageal sphincter is weakened
which allows stomach acid into the lower esophagus
causing inflammation of the esophagus (if prolonged
or not treated) normal epithelial cells
transform/change into columnar stomach-like cells
hyperplasia - only cells capable of mitotic division
(epithelium/glandular tissue)
- stimulated by hormonal or compensatory
mechanisms
- cell mass necessary for regeneration to be
exceeded
hyperplasia - in pregnancy, estrogen stimulation results in mitotic
division of breast gland cells
- a keloid is the overgrowth of granulation tissue
during the wound repair process
dysplasia - cellular change
- d/t chronic inflammation/precancerous condition
* often detected on Pap during cervical exam;
precursor to cancer of cervix
neoplasm - new, uncontrolled, uncoordinated proliferative cell
growth that is cancerous
- tumor
- well-differentiated and contained w/n one location
