NSG 3113 Pathophysiology Exam 1 – Questions With
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Terms in this set (300)
What is pathophysiology? the study of functional or physiologic changes in the
body that result from disease processes
Etiology Original cause of cell alteration or disease
etiologic agents Causes of the cell alteration or disease. Examples:
infection, trauma.
disease etiology Characteristic changes with specific etiologic
agents
• Examples:
‒ Cold temperature causes frostbite
‒ Streptococcal bacteria causes sore throat
,In response to an etiologic agent, cell
may...
Signs objective indicators of disease
symptoms subjective feelings
manifestations Clinical evidence or effects, the signs and symptoms
of disease.
Morbidity disease rates within a group
mortality relative number of deaths resulting from disease
disease begins with? disruption of cellular structure and function
disease processes cause? cellular changes, which can be detected and
monitored
plasma membrane (cell membrane) semi-permeable membrane that controls what enters
and exits the cell. the plasma membrane is composed
of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins and glycoproteins
ribosomes Makes proteins
nucleus contains genetic material -> DNA
DNA is composed of? nucleotides
-purines: adenine and guanine
-pyrmidines: cystosine and thymine
atrophy cells revert to smaller size due to reduction in
metabolic demand
,example of atrophy paralysis causing shrinkage of skeletal muscle
hypertrophy increase in cell size
physiological hypertrophy cell enlargement with adequate supporting tissues
example of physiological hypertrophy enlargement of cardiac cells with exercise training
pathological hypertrophy An increase in cellular size without an increase in the
supportive structures necessary for the enlarged cells
increase in metabolic demand.
example of pathological hypertrophy enlargement of heart tissue due to hypertension
-left ventricular hypertrophy
Hyperplasia increase in number of cells
hyperplasia can develop into keloid formation
maladaptive compensation. what is an
example of this?
Metaplasia replacement of one cell type with another; genetic
reprogramming to ensure cell survival
-is reversible!
metaplasia example GERD (lower esophageal cells transform from
squamous epithelium to columnar stomach-like cells)
dsyplasia deranged cellular growth
-often the result of chronic inflammation or a
precancerous condition
, Example of dysplasia Cervical dysplasia detected by Papanicolaou (Pap)
test
neoplasia "New growth"; disorganized, uncoordinated,
uncontrolled cell growth, "cancerous"
benign neoplasms Cells resemble normal cells
Well-differentiated cells
Do not metastasize
Well-defined borders
malignant neoplasms Cells appear different from healthy cells
Poorly differentiated cells
Increased likelihood of metastasis
Poorly defined borders
Hypoxia diminished oxygen to cells
-due to ischemia (diminished circulation), problems
with RBCs (anemia), pulmonary issues
-causes cells to enter anaerobic metabolism, (lactic
acid levels increase)
loss of plasma membrane integrity
(cell injury)
defects in protein synthesis can lead to cell death
intracellular accumulations •Excessive deposits can disrupt cell function
•Examples:
‒Fatty liver
‒Xanthomas and xanthelasma
genetic damage injury to cell's DNA may result in mutations
Verified Solutions
Add to calendar
Play your way to mastery with fun games
Match Blocks Charms NEW
Terms in this set (300)
What is pathophysiology? the study of functional or physiologic changes in the
body that result from disease processes
Etiology Original cause of cell alteration or disease
etiologic agents Causes of the cell alteration or disease. Examples:
infection, trauma.
disease etiology Characteristic changes with specific etiologic
agents
• Examples:
‒ Cold temperature causes frostbite
‒ Streptococcal bacteria causes sore throat
,In response to an etiologic agent, cell
may...
Signs objective indicators of disease
symptoms subjective feelings
manifestations Clinical evidence or effects, the signs and symptoms
of disease.
Morbidity disease rates within a group
mortality relative number of deaths resulting from disease
disease begins with? disruption of cellular structure and function
disease processes cause? cellular changes, which can be detected and
monitored
plasma membrane (cell membrane) semi-permeable membrane that controls what enters
and exits the cell. the plasma membrane is composed
of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins and glycoproteins
ribosomes Makes proteins
nucleus contains genetic material -> DNA
DNA is composed of? nucleotides
-purines: adenine and guanine
-pyrmidines: cystosine and thymine
atrophy cells revert to smaller size due to reduction in
metabolic demand
,example of atrophy paralysis causing shrinkage of skeletal muscle
hypertrophy increase in cell size
physiological hypertrophy cell enlargement with adequate supporting tissues
example of physiological hypertrophy enlargement of cardiac cells with exercise training
pathological hypertrophy An increase in cellular size without an increase in the
supportive structures necessary for the enlarged cells
increase in metabolic demand.
example of pathological hypertrophy enlargement of heart tissue due to hypertension
-left ventricular hypertrophy
Hyperplasia increase in number of cells
hyperplasia can develop into keloid formation
maladaptive compensation. what is an
example of this?
Metaplasia replacement of one cell type with another; genetic
reprogramming to ensure cell survival
-is reversible!
metaplasia example GERD (lower esophageal cells transform from
squamous epithelium to columnar stomach-like cells)
dsyplasia deranged cellular growth
-often the result of chronic inflammation or a
precancerous condition
, Example of dysplasia Cervical dysplasia detected by Papanicolaou (Pap)
test
neoplasia "New growth"; disorganized, uncoordinated,
uncontrolled cell growth, "cancerous"
benign neoplasms Cells resemble normal cells
Well-differentiated cells
Do not metastasize
Well-defined borders
malignant neoplasms Cells appear different from healthy cells
Poorly differentiated cells
Increased likelihood of metastasis
Poorly defined borders
Hypoxia diminished oxygen to cells
-due to ischemia (diminished circulation), problems
with RBCs (anemia), pulmonary issues
-causes cells to enter anaerobic metabolism, (lactic
acid levels increase)
loss of plasma membrane integrity
(cell injury)
defects in protein synthesis can lead to cell death
intracellular accumulations •Excessive deposits can disrupt cell function
•Examples:
‒Fatty liver
‒Xanthomas and xanthelasma
genetic damage injury to cell's DNA may result in mutations
