NU545 EXAM 3 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SUCCESS GUIDE 2026/2027 |
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW | PRACTICE QUESTIONS & VERIFIED
ANSWERS | MOST TESTED CONCEPTS | UPDATED VERSION
1. Describe the significance of hormonal fluctuations during the
perimenopausal phase in relation to reproductive health.
Hormonal fluctuations during the perimenopausal phase can lead to
symptoms such as irregular periods, hot flashes, and mood changes,
indicating the transition towards menopause.
Hormonal changes during this phase primarily affect male
reproductive health.
Hormonal levels remain stable during the perimenopausal phase,
resulting in no significant symptoms.
The perimenopausal phase is characterized by an increase in estrogen
levels, leading to enhanced fertility.
2. What is the primary role of GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) in the
reproductive system?
Inhibiting testosterone production
Triggering ovulation
Stimulating ovarian follicle growth
Regulating the synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH
3. What defines primary amenorrhea?
Menstruation that occurs irregularly due to hormonal imbalances.
The absence of menstruation by age 15 in girls who have not
developed secondary sexual characteristics.
Menstruation that stops for more than three months in women who
previously had regular cycles.
, The onset of menstruation before age 12.
4. What is the primary role of the tunica vaginalis in the male reproductive
system?
To regulate testosterone levels.
To facilitate the transport of sperm.
To provide a protective covering for the testes.
To produce sperm cells.
5. What is the primary function of seminiferous tubules in the male reproductive
system?
Sperm maturation
Spermatogenesis
Semen storage
Hormone production
6. What is the function of the Leydig (interstitial cells)? Male reproductive
System.
Nourish developing sperm.
Make and secrete testosterone, which is essential for
spermatogenesis.
Sexual development
7. What are the effects of estrogen on the female reproductive system?
growth of reproductive organs
develop female secondary sex characteristics
, growth spurt
none of the above
all of the above
8. If a 14-year-old boy presents with delayed puberty and low testosterone
levels, how would you differentiate between Physiologic Delay and
Functional Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (FHH)?
Evaluate family history for early puberty onset.
Assess gonadotropin levels to determine if there is a deficiency.
Measure bone density to check for osteoporosis.
Conduct a genetic test for BRCA1 mutations.
9. What are the effects of estrogen?
Promote oogenesis/follicle growth
Regulates menstrual cycle, cause internal genitalia to enlarge and
become functional
Induce secondary sex characteristics, and metabolic effects (maintain
cholesterol levels and help with uptake of Ca2+)
All of the above
10. The sexual differentiation of an embryo occurs around:
37 weeks of age
1 week of age
20 weeks of age
7 weeks of age
, 14 weeks of age
11. Describe the primary functions of the ovaries and uterus in the female
reproductive system.
The ovaries produce testosterone, and the uterus filters blood.
The ovaries produce eggs and hormones, while the uterus provides
a site for fertilization and fetal development.
The ovaries store urine, and the uterus aids in digestion.
The ovaries are responsible for menstruation, and the uterus produces
sperm.
12. Which age group is most commonly associated with a higher incidence of
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Children under 12
Young adults aged 15-24
Adults aged 30-45
Seniors over 65
13. What is one genetic factor that can influence the age at which menopause
occurs?
BRCA1 gene
Vitamin D levels
Age of first menstruation
Insulin levels
14. Describe how the spermatic cord contributes to male reproductive health.
The spermatic cord is primarily responsible for hormone production.
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW | PRACTICE QUESTIONS & VERIFIED
ANSWERS | MOST TESTED CONCEPTS | UPDATED VERSION
1. Describe the significance of hormonal fluctuations during the
perimenopausal phase in relation to reproductive health.
Hormonal fluctuations during the perimenopausal phase can lead to
symptoms such as irregular periods, hot flashes, and mood changes,
indicating the transition towards menopause.
Hormonal changes during this phase primarily affect male
reproductive health.
Hormonal levels remain stable during the perimenopausal phase,
resulting in no significant symptoms.
The perimenopausal phase is characterized by an increase in estrogen
levels, leading to enhanced fertility.
2. What is the primary role of GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) in the
reproductive system?
Inhibiting testosterone production
Triggering ovulation
Stimulating ovarian follicle growth
Regulating the synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH
3. What defines primary amenorrhea?
Menstruation that occurs irregularly due to hormonal imbalances.
The absence of menstruation by age 15 in girls who have not
developed secondary sexual characteristics.
Menstruation that stops for more than three months in women who
previously had regular cycles.
, The onset of menstruation before age 12.
4. What is the primary role of the tunica vaginalis in the male reproductive
system?
To regulate testosterone levels.
To facilitate the transport of sperm.
To provide a protective covering for the testes.
To produce sperm cells.
5. What is the primary function of seminiferous tubules in the male reproductive
system?
Sperm maturation
Spermatogenesis
Semen storage
Hormone production
6. What is the function of the Leydig (interstitial cells)? Male reproductive
System.
Nourish developing sperm.
Make and secrete testosterone, which is essential for
spermatogenesis.
Sexual development
7. What are the effects of estrogen on the female reproductive system?
growth of reproductive organs
develop female secondary sex characteristics
, growth spurt
none of the above
all of the above
8. If a 14-year-old boy presents with delayed puberty and low testosterone
levels, how would you differentiate between Physiologic Delay and
Functional Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (FHH)?
Evaluate family history for early puberty onset.
Assess gonadotropin levels to determine if there is a deficiency.
Measure bone density to check for osteoporosis.
Conduct a genetic test for BRCA1 mutations.
9. What are the effects of estrogen?
Promote oogenesis/follicle growth
Regulates menstrual cycle, cause internal genitalia to enlarge and
become functional
Induce secondary sex characteristics, and metabolic effects (maintain
cholesterol levels and help with uptake of Ca2+)
All of the above
10. The sexual differentiation of an embryo occurs around:
37 weeks of age
1 week of age
20 weeks of age
7 weeks of age
, 14 weeks of age
11. Describe the primary functions of the ovaries and uterus in the female
reproductive system.
The ovaries produce testosterone, and the uterus filters blood.
The ovaries produce eggs and hormones, while the uterus provides
a site for fertilization and fetal development.
The ovaries store urine, and the uterus aids in digestion.
The ovaries are responsible for menstruation, and the uterus produces
sperm.
12. Which age group is most commonly associated with a higher incidence of
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Children under 12
Young adults aged 15-24
Adults aged 30-45
Seniors over 65
13. What is one genetic factor that can influence the age at which menopause
occurs?
BRCA1 gene
Vitamin D levels
Age of first menstruation
Insulin levels
14. Describe how the spermatic cord contributes to male reproductive health.
The spermatic cord is primarily responsible for hormone production.
