PSY220 TEST 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

PSY220 TEST 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Although Marcia says she is not prejudiced against Blacks, she votes against interviewing a job applicant with an African name for a flimsy reason. She is exhibiting what some social science researchers call _____. overt discrimination modern racism homophobia jingoism - Answers Modern racism The tendency for people to believe that individuals get what they deserve and deserve what they get is called the _____ phenomenon. retribution looking-glass self just-world stereotype invulnerability - Answers Just-world Cultural attitudes, including prejudice, are embodied and reinforced in _____. schools government the media all of the above - Answers All of the above A belief in the superiority of one's own cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups is called _____. misogyny egalitarianism groupthink ethnocentrism - Answers Ethnocentrism A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people is called a(n) _____. stereotype affect behavioral tendency illusion - Answers Stereotype Which of the following is an example of benevolent sexism? "Once a man commits, she puts him on a tight leash." "Women have a superior moral sensibility." "Women are less skilled in mathematics than men." "On the whole, women make worse political leaders than men." - Answers "Women have a superior moral sensibility." A group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their own group is called a(n) _____. outgroup ingroup intragroup personal group - Answers Outgroup According to survey research conducted in the U.S., explicit racial prejudice toward African Americans _____. is worse than ever today has actually increased since the early 1980s decreased from 1940 to 1960, then stabilized until 1980, and has since increased rapidly has decreased since the early 1940s - Answers has decreased since the early 1940s The realistic group conflict theory suggests that prejudice arises _____. when groups share a common goal when groups compete for scarce resources when people believe that they get what they deserve and deserve what they get between groups who fail to communicate clearly with each other - Answers when groups compete for scarce resources Which statement illustrates discrimination? "White people make me so angry I could scream." "The government should do more to help the Native Americans." "I wouldn't hire a woman, even if she was qualified." "Whites can't dance as well as African Americans can." - Answers "I wouldn't hire a woman, even if she was qualified." When others expect us to perform poorly and our anxiety causes us to confirm their belief, we have reacted to _____. subtyping intragroup bias the backfire effect a stereotype threat - Answers a stereotype threat A motivation to have one's group be high in status and on the top over other social groups is what social psychologists call _____. egalitarianism social dominance orientation social comparison groupthink - Answers social dominance orientation In the context of social identity, a group of people who share a sense of belonging or a feeling of common identity is called a(n) _____. outgroup control group ingroup intragroup - Answers ingroup Prejudice is different from discrimination in that prejudice is a negative _____ and discrimination is a negative _____. attitude; behavior conduct; demeanor behavior; attitude affect; cognition - Answers attitude; behavior Betty and Tina, both third-graders in the same classroom, are assigned by their teacher to different groups that will compete in a spelling bee. Betty and Tina each believe that their own group is composed of the better spellers. The girls' beliefs best illustrate _____. the just-world phenomenon the fundamental attribution error an ingroup bias an outgroup bias - Answers an ingroup bias A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members is called _____. speculation disposition prejudice stigma - Answers prejudice Albert sees a great deal of difference between all of his fraternity brothers but thinks that all sorority girls are the same. Albert's beliefs are best explained by _____. his authoritarian personality his social dominance orientation the own-race bias the outgroup homogeneity effect - Answers the outgroup homogeneity effect The just-world phenomenon may lead us to believe that an unemployed person is _____. lazy and lacks virtue the victim of discrimination overqualified and deprived of better opportunities in need of a retraining program - Answers Lazy and lacks virtue An institutional practice that subordinates people of a given gender is called _____. sadism racism sexism linguicism - Answers Sexism John has just failed a chemistry test. He goes back to his apartment and criticizes his roommate's choice of music. What term best describes John's behavior? chauvinism displaced aggression just-world action xenophobia - Answers Displaced aggression Which of the following statements about the social sources of prejudice is FALSE? A group that enjoys social and economic superiority often uses prejudicial beliefs to justify its privileged position Children are brought up in ways that foster or reduce prejudice Religious communities can sustain or reduce prejudice Social institutions and policies don't support prejudice - Answers Social institutions and policies don't support prejudice In the context of influences on aggression, violent crimes are more likely committed _____. in the winter rather than the summer on nights with a full moon when the weather is hot during rainy periods - Answers when the weather is hot The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration is referred to as _____. substitution deprivation projection displacement - Answers displacement The blocking of goal-directed behavior is called _____. instrumental aggression frustration hostile aggression displacement - Answers frustration Which of the following is the best example of instrumental aggression? A group of mercenaries, hired to kill the dictator of a small country, arrange to poison him An angry football player tackles a quarterback after he attempts a long pass A wife finds her husband with another woman and shoots them both A man smashes his TV set after he cannot get it to work - Answers A group of mercenaries, hired to kill the dictator of a small country, arrange to poison him Which of the following statements about aggression is FALSE? Aversive experiences, including frustrations, discomfort, and pain can influence aggression Arousal from any source, including physical exercise or sexual stimulation, can be transformed into anger Aggression cues, such as a gun, increase the likelihood of aggressive behavior Repeatedly playing violent video games does not increase aggressive thinking - Answers Repeatedly playing violent video games does not increase aggressive thinking According to Sivarajasignam, et al. (2005), why might fans of winning teams be more likely to commit postgame assaults than fans of losing teams? the interaction between temperament and testosterone a decrease in frustration the interaction between increased testosterone and celebration-related drinking displacement of excitement and celebration-related drinking - Answers the interaction between increased testosterone and celebration-related drinking In the context of effects of media on aggression, one reason that TV viewing affects behavior is that is _____. lowers arousal evokes imitation has a catharsis effect distracts from other activities - Answers evokes imitation The pain-attack response has been observed in _____. rats monkeys snakes many varied species - Answers many varied species _____ aggression hurts others, but only as a means to some other end. Instrumental Manipulative Duplicitous Hostile - Answers Instrumental Research on the role of family influences on aggression indicates that _____. abused children later abuse their own children at four times the national rate higher rates of violence occur when fathers care for the children an only child tends to be aggressive in social situations outside the family physical punishment suppresses aggression in children - Answers Abused children later abuse their own children at 4x the national rate The perception that one is less well off than others with whom one compares oneself is referred to as _____. adaptation level phenomenon social ostracism relative deprivation unjust-world principle - Answers Relative deprivation Research suggests that the sight of a weapon can _____. elicit frustration prime aggressive thoughts sensitize one to the dangers of violence produce catharsis - Answers prime aggressive thoughts Which of the following is an example of aggression? Sam accidentally slams the car door too quickly, and it hits Tim's knee Carla, a dentist, delivers a shot of Novocain before pulling her patient's tooth Joe's eagerness and enthusiasm resulted in his being promoted to sales manager in a very short time Luisa urges her classmates not to vote for Marcy for dormitory senator, citing some rumors about Marcy's social life. - Answers Luisa urges her classmates not to vote for Marcy for dormitory senator, citing some rumors about Marcy's social life. Frustration grows when _____. our motivation to achieve a goal is weakened we are completely blocked in attaining our goal we do not expect gratification we are surprised by a consequence - Answers we are completely blocked in attaining our goal As part of therapy, a clinical psychologist encourages her patients to install a punching bag in their homes to release hostility. The therapist apparently believes in _____. the catharsis hypothesis the social learning theory Parkinson's second law the adaptation-level phenomenon - Answers the catharsis hypothesis The study of neural influences on aggression has indicated that _____. one specific region of the brain controls aggression activating the occipital lobe can cause a tyrant monkey to be more docile activating the amygdala can facilitate aggressive outbursts in humans activating the frontal lobe can trigger aggressive behavior - Answers activating the amygdala can facilitate aggressive outbursts in humans Your boss told you that she is giving you a 5 percent raise starting with your next paycheck. You are very pleased to hear this good news until you learn that some of your coworkers earned a 10 percent raise. Now you are unhappy and angry about your raise. Your experience is best explained in terms of _____. the adaptation-level phenomenon the relative deprivation principle the displacement theory Parkinson's second law - Answers the relative deprivation principle _____ aggression springs from anger, and its only goal is to injure. Hostile Manipulative Duplicitous Instrumental - Answers Hostile Which hormone is most closely linked to aggression? estrogen adrenaline gonadotrophin testosterone - Answers testosterone Most acts of terrorism could be considered _____ aggression manipulative instrumental duplicitous hostile - Answers instrumental The frustration-aggression theory suggests that frustration _____. doesn't lead to aggression after all triggers a readiness to aggress reduces aggression more than it stimulates it works by triggering the fight-or-flight regions of the brain - Answers triggers a readiness to aggress In the context of influences on aggression, groups can amplify aggressive reactions partly by _____. diffusing responsibility inhibiting impulses implementing the cathartic effect providing role models - Answers diffusing responsibility Instinctive behavior is behavior that is _____. survival-oriented and common to most members of a species reflexive and automatic but easily overcome by learning taught to members of a species innate, unlearned, and shown by all members of a species - Answers innate, unlearned, and shown by all members of a species Paula has just arrived as a new student on campus and does not know anyone. All else being equal, is she most likely to become friends with Joni who lives next door, with Kristy who lives two doors down, with Beth who lives three doors down, or with Heidi who lives in the room directly above hers? Kristy Beth Heidi Joni - Answers Joni Twelve-month-old Joshua enters an unfamiliar laboratory playroom with his mother. When she leaves, he gets distressed. When she returns, he runs to her and hugs her close. After this intense reunion, he returns to playing. Joshua demonstrates the characteristics of _____ attachment. insecure avoidant secure anxious - Answers Secure Which of the following best expresses the meaning of the physical attractiveness stereotype? What is beautiful is good