NSG 210 - METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

NSG 210 - METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 What is the function of endocrine glands? - Answers to secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream What is the most optimal way to promote hormone regulation? - Answers A healthy lifestyle Where is Antidiuretic hormone produced? - Answers hypothalamus where is antidiuretic hormone secreted? - Answers Posterior pituitary gland What is the role of antidiuretic hormone? - Answers Water reabsorption and retention through the kidneys & vasoconstriction What does an increase in ADH cause? - Answers increased retention & blood vessel constriction What does a decrease in ADH cause? - Answers Greater output & hypotension What does syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone cause? - Answers an excessive increase in secretion of ADH What are the causes of SIADH? - Answers defect of pituitary/hypothalamus, tumors, lung cancer, pulmonary infection, brain trauma, Tx for DI What are the S/S of SIADH? - Answers Hyponatremia, hypervolemia, n/v, HA, LOC changes, lethargy, brain swelling, anorexia, decreased output, high USG, HTN, tachycardia (bounding) What lab is most important to monitor with SIADH & DI? - Answers Fluid & electrolytes, specifically sodium What are interventions for patients with SIADH? - Answers Frequent vital signs, monitoring labs, daily weights, input & output, fluid restriction, Neurological & cardiovascular checks, seizure precautions What is typical fluid restriction for a patient with SIADH? - Answers 500-1000mLs a day What should be performed frequently for a patient on a fluid restriction? - Answers oral care What is the relationship between weight and liters retained? - Answers 2.2lbs = 1000mL of fluid What medications are prescribed for a patient with SIADH? - Answers Loop diuretics, hypertonic IV solutions, vasopressin antagonist, Declomycin (off label) What does diabetes insipidus cause? - Answers Decrease in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone What are the causes of DI? - Answers defect of pituitary/hypothalamus, tumors, kidney problems, brain trauma, lithium, declomycin, pregnancy What are the S/S of DI? - Answers Polyuria, low USG, hypernatremia, polydipsia, confusion, dry mucous membranes, dry skin, decreased turgor, hypotension, tachycardia, muscle weakness and pain, anorexia What are the interventions for DI? - Answers vital signs, monitor labs, daily weights, neurological & cardiovascular checks, encourage fluids, seizure precautions, restriction of fluids that induce diuresis What fluids can increase diuresis? - Answers watermelon, grapes, caffeine, teas Are you at a higher risk of seizures with DI or SIADH? - Answers SIADH d/t hyponatremia What life long medications are used to treat DI? - Answers desmopressin, thiazide diuretics, Chlorpropamide What education should you give to a patient with DI? - Answers how to take daily weight, medication adherence, signs & symptoms of fluid overload, wear a medical alert bracelet What is the function of aldosterone? - Answers regulates BP by signaling the kidneys to retain sodium and release potassium (causing increase) Where is aldosterone & cortisol produced? - Answers adrenal cortex What does an increase in aldosterone cause? - Answers Hypertension & high sodium levels What does a decrease in aldosterone cause? - Answers lower BP & low sodium levels What is cortisol? - Answers A steroid hormone (stress hormone) What is the function of cortisol? - Answers responds to stress by increasing glucose production in the liver, metabolizes fats, proteins, & carbs, balances salt & water in the body, regulation of mood, and provides anti-inflammatory properties How do cortisol levels affect blood glucose levels? - Answers High cortisol causes high BG, low cortisol causes low BG When does cortisol peak? - Answers In the morning between 6-8AM What does Cushing's disease cause? - Answers High cortisol levels What are the causes of Cushing's disease? - Answers pituitary tumors, adrenal tumors, long term steroid use What are the S/S of Cushing's? - Answers Ecchymosis, fragile skin, truncal obesity, ammenorhea, ED, moon face, HTN, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, purple striae, hyperglycemia, hirsutism, buffalo, irritability, osteoporosis, mood swings What are interventions for patient with Cushing's disease? - Answers vital signs, monitor for fluid overload, monitor labs, daily weights, input & output, monitor for infection, prevent skin breakdown, hyperglycemic management, low sodium diet, fall precautions, emotional support, drug therapy What labs should be monitor in patients with Cushing's & Addison's - Answers BG, fluid & electrolytes (Na, K) How do you prevent skin breakdown in a patient with Cushing's? - Answers reposition Q2 hours, careful shifting patient in bed, HOB 30 degrees to prevent shear Why would a patient with Cushing's be on fall precations? - Answers d/t poor bone density Why is it important to emotionally support a patient with Cushing's? - Answers appearance issues What should you monitor post-op for a patient who has undergone a hypophysectomy? - Answers Neurological status, post nasal drip, increased swallowing, incision site, infection, severe HA What are indications of CSF leak post pituitary gland removal? - Answers presence of glucose in post nasal drip, increased swallowing, severe headache, halo sign with drainage (yellow ring) What education should the RN give to a patient who is scheduled for a hypophysectomy? - Answers Packing will be present in the nose for 2-3 days post op, keep the head of the bed elevated at least 30 degrees, rinse mouth frequently to maintain oral hygiene, no teeth brushing for 2 weeks, decreased smell will be present for 3-4 months, brace incision when coughing, avoid straining, sneezing, blowing nose What is given prior to an adrenalectomy? - Answers Glucocorticoid to prevent crisis When is an adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy performed? - Answers To treat Cushing's related to a tumor