NR 1020 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
LATEST UPDATE 2026
factors driving the conservation movement (5) - Answers industrialization, decline in
wilderness, immigration/racial anxiety, romanticism, frontier theory/value of
wilderness
the three linked movements - Answers conservation movement, eugenics movement,
immigration reform: preserved "sacred evolutionary heritages"
Eugenics Survey of Vermont - Answers explored the idea that scientists might
measure defective behavior, "depravity," and "immortality"... led to VT sterilization
law
VT 1931 Eugenics Sterilization Law - Answers performed 253 sterilizations,
targeting the poor, women, and uneducated
Eugenics Survey influence on Abenaki - Answers little direct evidence that
Indigenous Abenaki were targeted however, Abenaki may have had to change their
names and move underground to avoid law (adds layer of complexity to Indigenous
history)
Immigration Act of 1924 - Answers set quota system of how many people from
different nationalities could enter US
how did Immigration Act of 1924 represent immigrants - Answers represented
immigrants as invasive species that threatened Anglo Saxons
population - Answers all of the organisms of a species found within a specific
geographical region
habitat - Answers place where an individual of a species survives and reproduces (its
address)
niche - Answers functional role of an organism in its environment (its profession)
range of species - Answers the geographical area that a species can be found
species - Answers group of organisms with similar structure, function, and behavior,
that are capable of interbreeding with one another
aspects of niches (3) - Answers habitat, periods of time during which it is active
there, resources it obtains there
competitive exclusion principle - Answers niche overlap between two species
gradually pushes them apart, making them more distinct in their behavior
, fitness - Answers measures a species ability to survive and reproduce in its
environment
evolution by natural selection - Answers with passing generations, the percentage of
individuals showing favorable variations will increase
Dr Alice Hamilton - Answers pushed for cleaner cities and workplaces
Mary Austin - Answers wrote about arid western lands and Indigenous people who
lived there in a favorable way (The Land of Little Rain)
Florence Merriam Bailey - Answers argued against women wearing bird feather and
helped define modern day bird watching
Jane Addams - Answers founder of settlement houses that provides services
(daycares, education, healthcare) to improve lives of poor women in urban areas
Fredrick Law Olmsted - Answers fought for scenery as psychological benefit, pushed
back on the notion that elites weren't the only ones who could benefit from nature
Hetch Hetchy debate - Answers debate over whether or not to dam the Hetch Hetchy
Valley to supply water to the rapidly growing San Fransisco area
John Muir - Answers argued for value of preserving wilderness as part of country's
identity and culture
Gifford Pinchot - Answers believed that it was possible to make use of natural
resources while conserving them
Boone and Crockett Club - Answers believed that market hunters were a "step away
from civilization," concern about overhunting and decline of wildlife
basic animal gaits (4) - Answers pacers, diagonal walkers, bounders, gallopers
example of pacer - Answers black bear
example of diagonal walker - Answers white-tailed deer
example of bounder - Answers otter
example of galloper - Answers squirrel
P's of tracking (3) - Answers print, pattern, place
arts of tracking (6) - Answers who, what, where, when, why, how?
aspects of print morphology (7) - Answers inner track, outer track, inner toes, outer
toes, claws, heel lobes, heel pad
when did the emergence of ecology start? - Answers interwar years
William Vogt - Answers ecologist and ornithologist concerned with population
growth (Road To Survival)
LATEST UPDATE 2026
factors driving the conservation movement (5) - Answers industrialization, decline in
wilderness, immigration/racial anxiety, romanticism, frontier theory/value of
wilderness
the three linked movements - Answers conservation movement, eugenics movement,
immigration reform: preserved "sacred evolutionary heritages"
Eugenics Survey of Vermont - Answers explored the idea that scientists might
measure defective behavior, "depravity," and "immortality"... led to VT sterilization
law
VT 1931 Eugenics Sterilization Law - Answers performed 253 sterilizations,
targeting the poor, women, and uneducated
Eugenics Survey influence on Abenaki - Answers little direct evidence that
Indigenous Abenaki were targeted however, Abenaki may have had to change their
names and move underground to avoid law (adds layer of complexity to Indigenous
history)
Immigration Act of 1924 - Answers set quota system of how many people from
different nationalities could enter US
how did Immigration Act of 1924 represent immigrants - Answers represented
immigrants as invasive species that threatened Anglo Saxons
population - Answers all of the organisms of a species found within a specific
geographical region
habitat - Answers place where an individual of a species survives and reproduces (its
address)
niche - Answers functional role of an organism in its environment (its profession)
range of species - Answers the geographical area that a species can be found
species - Answers group of organisms with similar structure, function, and behavior,
that are capable of interbreeding with one another
aspects of niches (3) - Answers habitat, periods of time during which it is active
there, resources it obtains there
competitive exclusion principle - Answers niche overlap between two species
gradually pushes them apart, making them more distinct in their behavior
, fitness - Answers measures a species ability to survive and reproduce in its
environment
evolution by natural selection - Answers with passing generations, the percentage of
individuals showing favorable variations will increase
Dr Alice Hamilton - Answers pushed for cleaner cities and workplaces
Mary Austin - Answers wrote about arid western lands and Indigenous people who
lived there in a favorable way (The Land of Little Rain)
Florence Merriam Bailey - Answers argued against women wearing bird feather and
helped define modern day bird watching
Jane Addams - Answers founder of settlement houses that provides services
(daycares, education, healthcare) to improve lives of poor women in urban areas
Fredrick Law Olmsted - Answers fought for scenery as psychological benefit, pushed
back on the notion that elites weren't the only ones who could benefit from nature
Hetch Hetchy debate - Answers debate over whether or not to dam the Hetch Hetchy
Valley to supply water to the rapidly growing San Fransisco area
John Muir - Answers argued for value of preserving wilderness as part of country's
identity and culture
Gifford Pinchot - Answers believed that it was possible to make use of natural
resources while conserving them
Boone and Crockett Club - Answers believed that market hunters were a "step away
from civilization," concern about overhunting and decline of wildlife
basic animal gaits (4) - Answers pacers, diagonal walkers, bounders, gallopers
example of pacer - Answers black bear
example of diagonal walker - Answers white-tailed deer
example of bounder - Answers otter
example of galloper - Answers squirrel
P's of tracking (3) - Answers print, pattern, place
arts of tracking (6) - Answers who, what, where, when, why, how?
aspects of print morphology (7) - Answers inner track, outer track, inner toes, outer
toes, claws, heel lobes, heel pad
when did the emergence of ecology start? - Answers interwar years
William Vogt - Answers ecologist and ornithologist concerned with population
growth (Road To Survival)
