EMERGENCY NURSING | VERIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS - LATEST VERSION | 2026/2027
Emergency Nursing
1. Q: What is the hallmark symptom of an Acute Myocardial Infarction
(AMI)? ANSWER Crushing, substernal chest pressure/pain
unrelieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
2. Q: Which cardiac enzyme is the most specific indicator for
myocardial muscle injury? ANSWER Troponin I or T.
3. Q: What is "Levine's Sign"? ANSWER A patient clenching their fist
over their chest to describe chest pain.
4. Q: What are the classic ECG changes seen in ST-Elevation
Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)? ANSWER ST-segment elevation
greater than 1mm in two contiguous leads.
5. Q: What is the first-line treatment for a stable patient with narrow-
complex supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)? ANSWER Valsalva
maneuver.
6. Q: What medication is used if vagal maneuvers fail to terminate
stable SVT? ANSWER Adenosine.
7. Q: What is the classic sign of Aortic Dissection? ANSWER Tearing
or ripping pain radiating to the back/scapula.
8. Q: Which side is more commonly affected in an aortic dissection?
ANSWER The ascending aorta (Type A) is most common, but Type
B (descending) also occurs.
9. Q: What are the three components of "Beck’s Triad" indicative of
Cardiac Tamponade? ANSWER Hypotension, muffled heart sounds,
and jugular venous distension (JVD).
,10. Q: What is the treatment of choice for Cardiac Tamponade?
ANSWER Pericardiocentesis.
11. Q: What is the most common cause of right-sided heart
failure? ANSWER Left-sided heart failure.
12. Q: What are the symptoms of Right-Sided Heart Failure?
ANSWER Peripheral edema, JVD, hepatomegaly, and ascites.
13. Q: What is "Pulsus Paradoxus"? ANSWER A drop in systolic
blood pressure >10 mmHg during inspiration; seen in cardiac
tamponade and severe asthma.
14. Q: What is the primary characteristic of unstable angina?
ANSWER Chest pain occurring at rest or with minimal exertion, but
without cardiac enzyme elevation.
15. Q: Which lead is best viewed for detecting right ventricular
infarction? ANSWER Lead V4R.
16. Q: What is the drug of choice for terminating Ventricular
Fibrillation (VF)? ANSWER Defibrillation (shock).
17. Q: What is the first drug administered during a cardiac arrest
for VF/pulseless VT? ANSWER Epinephrine (1mg IV/IO).
18. Q: What is the dose of Amiodarone in cardiac arrest?
ANSWER 300 mg IV/IO push.
19. Q: What is the primary intervention for symptomatic
Bradycardia? ANSWER Atropine 0.5 mg IV.
20. Q: If Atropine is ineffective for symptomatic bradycardia, what
is the next step? ANSWER Transcutaneous Pacing (TCP) or
Dopamine/Epinephrine infusion.
21. Q: What is the classic definition of Hypovolemic Shock?
ANSWER Inadequate circulating blood volume due to fluid loss
(hemorrhage or dehydration).
22. Q: What is the primary compensatory mechanism in early
shock? ANSWER Tachycardia.
23. Q: What type of shock is characterized by warm, dry skin and
vasodilation? ANSWER Septic shock, Anaphylactic shock, or
Neurogenic shock.
, 24. Q: What is the hallmark of Cardiogenic Shock? ANSWER
Pump failure (fluid overload or poor contractility) leading to cool,
clammy skin and pulmonary edema.
25. Q: What is "Pulseless Electrical Activity" (PEA)? ANSWER
Organized electrical activity on the monitor without a palpable
pulse.
26. Q: What are the "H's" and "T's" used for in ACLS? ANSWER
Mnemonic for reversible causes of cardiac arrest (e.g., Hypovolemia,
Hypoxia, Toxins, Tamponade).
27. Q: What is Kussmaul’s sign? ANSWER JVD that rises with
inspiration; seen in cardiac tamponade or right heart failure.
28. Q: What is the recommended oxygen saturation target for a
patient having an acute coronary syndrome (ACS)? ANSWER ≥90%
(or 94-98% if not at risk of hypercapnia).
29. Q: What medication is contraindicated in patients taking
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (Viagra) due to risk of severe
hypotension? ANSWER Nitrates (Nitroglycerin).
30. Q: What is Dressler’s Syndrome? ANSWER Post-cardiac
injury pericarditis (fever, pleuritic chest pain) occurring weeks to
months after an MI.
31. Q: What is the primary treatment for an acute STEMI?
ANSWER Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) within 90
minutes.
32. Q: If PCI is not available within 120 minutes, what is the
alternative treatment for STEMI? ANSWER Fibrinolytic therapy
(Thrombolytics).
33. Q: What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in
young athletes? ANSWER Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM).
34. Q: What murmur is associated with Hypertrophic
Cardiomyopathy? ANSWER A systolic ejection murmur that
increases with Valsalva.
35. Q: What are the classic signs of Digoxin toxicity? ANSWER
Yellow halos around vision (xanthopsia), nausea/vomiting, and
heart block.
ANSWERS - LATEST VERSION | 2026/2027
Emergency Nursing
1. Q: What is the hallmark symptom of an Acute Myocardial Infarction
(AMI)? ANSWER Crushing, substernal chest pressure/pain
unrelieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
2. Q: Which cardiac enzyme is the most specific indicator for
myocardial muscle injury? ANSWER Troponin I or T.
3. Q: What is "Levine's Sign"? ANSWER A patient clenching their fist
over their chest to describe chest pain.
4. Q: What are the classic ECG changes seen in ST-Elevation
Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)? ANSWER ST-segment elevation
greater than 1mm in two contiguous leads.
5. Q: What is the first-line treatment for a stable patient with narrow-
complex supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)? ANSWER Valsalva
maneuver.
6. Q: What medication is used if vagal maneuvers fail to terminate
stable SVT? ANSWER Adenosine.
7. Q: What is the classic sign of Aortic Dissection? ANSWER Tearing
or ripping pain radiating to the back/scapula.
8. Q: Which side is more commonly affected in an aortic dissection?
ANSWER The ascending aorta (Type A) is most common, but Type
B (descending) also occurs.
9. Q: What are the three components of "Beck’s Triad" indicative of
Cardiac Tamponade? ANSWER Hypotension, muffled heart sounds,
and jugular venous distension (JVD).
,10. Q: What is the treatment of choice for Cardiac Tamponade?
ANSWER Pericardiocentesis.
11. Q: What is the most common cause of right-sided heart
failure? ANSWER Left-sided heart failure.
12. Q: What are the symptoms of Right-Sided Heart Failure?
ANSWER Peripheral edema, JVD, hepatomegaly, and ascites.
13. Q: What is "Pulsus Paradoxus"? ANSWER A drop in systolic
blood pressure >10 mmHg during inspiration; seen in cardiac
tamponade and severe asthma.
14. Q: What is the primary characteristic of unstable angina?
ANSWER Chest pain occurring at rest or with minimal exertion, but
without cardiac enzyme elevation.
15. Q: Which lead is best viewed for detecting right ventricular
infarction? ANSWER Lead V4R.
16. Q: What is the drug of choice for terminating Ventricular
Fibrillation (VF)? ANSWER Defibrillation (shock).
17. Q: What is the first drug administered during a cardiac arrest
for VF/pulseless VT? ANSWER Epinephrine (1mg IV/IO).
18. Q: What is the dose of Amiodarone in cardiac arrest?
ANSWER 300 mg IV/IO push.
19. Q: What is the primary intervention for symptomatic
Bradycardia? ANSWER Atropine 0.5 mg IV.
20. Q: If Atropine is ineffective for symptomatic bradycardia, what
is the next step? ANSWER Transcutaneous Pacing (TCP) or
Dopamine/Epinephrine infusion.
21. Q: What is the classic definition of Hypovolemic Shock?
ANSWER Inadequate circulating blood volume due to fluid loss
(hemorrhage or dehydration).
22. Q: What is the primary compensatory mechanism in early
shock? ANSWER Tachycardia.
23. Q: What type of shock is characterized by warm, dry skin and
vasodilation? ANSWER Septic shock, Anaphylactic shock, or
Neurogenic shock.
, 24. Q: What is the hallmark of Cardiogenic Shock? ANSWER
Pump failure (fluid overload or poor contractility) leading to cool,
clammy skin and pulmonary edema.
25. Q: What is "Pulseless Electrical Activity" (PEA)? ANSWER
Organized electrical activity on the monitor without a palpable
pulse.
26. Q: What are the "H's" and "T's" used for in ACLS? ANSWER
Mnemonic for reversible causes of cardiac arrest (e.g., Hypovolemia,
Hypoxia, Toxins, Tamponade).
27. Q: What is Kussmaul’s sign? ANSWER JVD that rises with
inspiration; seen in cardiac tamponade or right heart failure.
28. Q: What is the recommended oxygen saturation target for a
patient having an acute coronary syndrome (ACS)? ANSWER ≥90%
(or 94-98% if not at risk of hypercapnia).
29. Q: What medication is contraindicated in patients taking
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (Viagra) due to risk of severe
hypotension? ANSWER Nitrates (Nitroglycerin).
30. Q: What is Dressler’s Syndrome? ANSWER Post-cardiac
injury pericarditis (fever, pleuritic chest pain) occurring weeks to
months after an MI.
31. Q: What is the primary treatment for an acute STEMI?
ANSWER Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) within 90
minutes.
32. Q: If PCI is not available within 120 minutes, what is the
alternative treatment for STEMI? ANSWER Fibrinolytic therapy
(Thrombolytics).
33. Q: What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in
young athletes? ANSWER Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM).
34. Q: What murmur is associated with Hypertrophic
Cardiomyopathy? ANSWER A systolic ejection murmur that
increases with Valsalva.
35. Q: What are the classic signs of Digoxin toxicity? ANSWER
Yellow halos around vision (xanthopsia), nausea/vomiting, and
heart block.
