NURSING EXAM PREP
NR 228 EXAM 1
NUTRITION, HEALTH AND WELLNESS
2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK
WITH REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A+
(GUARANTEED PASS!!)
Aligned to Chamberlain University NR228 Nutrition, Health and Wellness Objectives • Intermediate Nursing Course Level
A+ QUESTIONS 5 SECTIONS 100%
VERIFIED COMPLETE RATIONALES
CATEGORIES
SECTION 1 — Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins & Lipids
SECTION 2 — Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals
SECTION 3 — Nutritional Assessment & Energy Balance
SECTION 4 — Nutrition Across the Lifespan & Therapeutic Diets
SECTION 5 — Nutrition Support, Food Safety & Special Considerations
STUVIAACTUALEXAM
,SECTION 1: Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins & Lipids
Q1. A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes about carbohydrate counting. The client asks
why complex carbohydrates are preferred over simple sugars for blood-glucose control. Which explanation by the
nurse is most accurate?
A. Complex carbohydrates contain no calories and therefore do not affect blood glucose
B. Simple sugars are completely absorbed in the stomach and never reach the bloodstream
C. Complex carbohydrates raise blood glucose faster than simple sugars
D. Complex carbohydrates are digested more slowly, producing a more gradual rise in blood glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Complex carbohydrates (starches and fiber-rich foods) require more extensive enzymatic digestion, resulting in a slower, more
sustained release of glucose. Simple sugars are rapidly absorbed and can cause sharp glucose spikes.
Q2. A client recovering from major surgery is prescribed a high-protein diet to support wound healing. The nurse
calculates that the client needs approximately 1.5 g of protein per kilogram of body weight. Which food choice best
meets a single high-protein meal goal of 30 g of protein?
A. One cup of cooked rice with butter
B. A 4-ounce grilled chicken breast with a small side salad
C. Two slices of white toast with jam
D. One medium apple and a cup of black coffee
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A 4-ounce (approximately 113 g) cooked chicken breast provides roughly 30–35 g of high-quality protein. The other options are
primarily carbohydrate sources and contribute minimal protein.
Q3. During a nutrition class the instructor asks students to identify the primary function of dietary fat in the body
beyond energy storage. Which response correctly identifies an essential role of lipids?
A. Serving as the exclusive energy source for red blood cells
B. Providing the structural component of cell membranes and aiding absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
C. Acting as the main substrate for gluconeogenesis during fasting
D. Neutralizing stomach acid to protect the gastric mucosa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Dietary lipids supply fatty acids that form the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes and are required for absorption of vitamins A,
D, E, and K. Red blood cells rely on glucose; gluconeogenesis uses amino acids and glycerol.
Q4. A client with hyperlipidemia is advised to reduce saturated fat intake. The nurse reviews the client’s typical
breakfast and notes whole milk, buttered toast, and bacon. Which substitution best aligns with heart-healthy
recommendations?
A. Eliminate all fat from the diet completely
B. Switch to coconut oil exclusively because it is a plant source
C. Continue the current breakfast but add a multivitamin
D. Replace whole milk with skim or 1% milk, use soft margarine or avocado instead of butter, and choose turkey
bacon or Canadian bacon
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Replacing high-saturated-fat items with lower-saturated-fat alternatives reduces LDL cholesterol risk while still providing essential
fatty acids and satiety. Complete fat elimination is neither necessary nor desirable.
STUVIAACTUALEXAM • Page 2
, SECTION 1: Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins & Lipids
Q5. A nurse is explaining the concept of complete versus incomplete proteins to a vegetarian client. Which statement
correctly describes a complete protein?
A. Any plant protein that is high in fiber
B. A protein that must be combined with carbohydrates to be utilized
C. A protein that is completely digested in the stomach
D. A protein that contains all nine essential amino acids in adequate amounts
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Complete proteins supply all nine essential amino acids in proportions needed by humans. Most animal proteins and a few plant
sources (e.g., soy, quinoa) are complete; many plant proteins are incomplete and benefit from complementary pairing.
Q6. A client asks why the body stores excess carbohydrate as fat rather than as additional glycogen. Which
physiologic explanation is correct?
A. Fat storage requires less energy than glycogen synthesis, so the body prefers fat under all conditions
B. Glycogen cannot be broken down for energy, so the body avoids storing it
C. Glycogen stores in the liver and muscle are limited; once filled, excess glucose is converted to triglycerides for
storage in adipose tissue
D. The body is unable to convert glucose into glycogen under any circumstances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Hepatic and muscle glycogen capacity is finite (roughly 400–500 g total). When these stores are saturated, excess carbohydrate is
converted via de novo lipogenesis into triglycerides stored in adipose tissue.
Q7. A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has been following a very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet
for six weeks. Which laboratory finding is most consistent with the metabolic adaptation expected on this diet?
A. Presence of serum ketones and a mild decrease in blood glucose
B. Markedly elevated serum triglycerides from carbohydrate excess
C. Severe hypoglycemia requiring emergency intervention
D. Elevated blood glucose and elevated insulin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
On a ketogenic diet the body shifts to fat oxidation and produces ketone bodies as an alternative fuel. Blood glucose typically
stabilizes in the low-normal range; severe hypoglycemia is uncommon in non-diabetic individuals.
Q8. A client with chronic kidney disease is placed on a protein-restricted diet. The nurse explains the rationale for
limiting protein. Which statement is most accurate?
A. Restricting protein increases the glomerular filtration rate and improves kidney recovery
B. Protein restriction is used solely to lower blood pressure
C. Protein restriction prevents the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products that the kidneys can no longer
efficiently excrete
D. Protein has no effect on kidney function and the restriction is only for weight loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
In advanced CKD the kidneys cannot fully clear urea and other nitrogenous metabolites derived from protein catabolism. Moderate
protein restriction reduces the uremic burden while still meeting essential amino-acid needs.
STUVIAACTUALEXAM • Page 3
NR 228 EXAM 1
NUTRITION, HEALTH AND WELLNESS
2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK
WITH REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A+
(GUARANTEED PASS!!)
Aligned to Chamberlain University NR228 Nutrition, Health and Wellness Objectives • Intermediate Nursing Course Level
A+ QUESTIONS 5 SECTIONS 100%
VERIFIED COMPLETE RATIONALES
CATEGORIES
SECTION 1 — Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins & Lipids
SECTION 2 — Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals
SECTION 3 — Nutritional Assessment & Energy Balance
SECTION 4 — Nutrition Across the Lifespan & Therapeutic Diets
SECTION 5 — Nutrition Support, Food Safety & Special Considerations
STUVIAACTUALEXAM
,SECTION 1: Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins & Lipids
Q1. A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes about carbohydrate counting. The client asks
why complex carbohydrates are preferred over simple sugars for blood-glucose control. Which explanation by the
nurse is most accurate?
A. Complex carbohydrates contain no calories and therefore do not affect blood glucose
B. Simple sugars are completely absorbed in the stomach and never reach the bloodstream
C. Complex carbohydrates raise blood glucose faster than simple sugars
D. Complex carbohydrates are digested more slowly, producing a more gradual rise in blood glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Complex carbohydrates (starches and fiber-rich foods) require more extensive enzymatic digestion, resulting in a slower, more
sustained release of glucose. Simple sugars are rapidly absorbed and can cause sharp glucose spikes.
Q2. A client recovering from major surgery is prescribed a high-protein diet to support wound healing. The nurse
calculates that the client needs approximately 1.5 g of protein per kilogram of body weight. Which food choice best
meets a single high-protein meal goal of 30 g of protein?
A. One cup of cooked rice with butter
B. A 4-ounce grilled chicken breast with a small side salad
C. Two slices of white toast with jam
D. One medium apple and a cup of black coffee
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A 4-ounce (approximately 113 g) cooked chicken breast provides roughly 30–35 g of high-quality protein. The other options are
primarily carbohydrate sources and contribute minimal protein.
Q3. During a nutrition class the instructor asks students to identify the primary function of dietary fat in the body
beyond energy storage. Which response correctly identifies an essential role of lipids?
A. Serving as the exclusive energy source for red blood cells
B. Providing the structural component of cell membranes and aiding absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
C. Acting as the main substrate for gluconeogenesis during fasting
D. Neutralizing stomach acid to protect the gastric mucosa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Dietary lipids supply fatty acids that form the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes and are required for absorption of vitamins A,
D, E, and K. Red blood cells rely on glucose; gluconeogenesis uses amino acids and glycerol.
Q4. A client with hyperlipidemia is advised to reduce saturated fat intake. The nurse reviews the client’s typical
breakfast and notes whole milk, buttered toast, and bacon. Which substitution best aligns with heart-healthy
recommendations?
A. Eliminate all fat from the diet completely
B. Switch to coconut oil exclusively because it is a plant source
C. Continue the current breakfast but add a multivitamin
D. Replace whole milk with skim or 1% milk, use soft margarine or avocado instead of butter, and choose turkey
bacon or Canadian bacon
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Replacing high-saturated-fat items with lower-saturated-fat alternatives reduces LDL cholesterol risk while still providing essential
fatty acids and satiety. Complete fat elimination is neither necessary nor desirable.
STUVIAACTUALEXAM • Page 2
, SECTION 1: Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins & Lipids
Q5. A nurse is explaining the concept of complete versus incomplete proteins to a vegetarian client. Which statement
correctly describes a complete protein?
A. Any plant protein that is high in fiber
B. A protein that must be combined with carbohydrates to be utilized
C. A protein that is completely digested in the stomach
D. A protein that contains all nine essential amino acids in adequate amounts
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Complete proteins supply all nine essential amino acids in proportions needed by humans. Most animal proteins and a few plant
sources (e.g., soy, quinoa) are complete; many plant proteins are incomplete and benefit from complementary pairing.
Q6. A client asks why the body stores excess carbohydrate as fat rather than as additional glycogen. Which
physiologic explanation is correct?
A. Fat storage requires less energy than glycogen synthesis, so the body prefers fat under all conditions
B. Glycogen cannot be broken down for energy, so the body avoids storing it
C. Glycogen stores in the liver and muscle are limited; once filled, excess glucose is converted to triglycerides for
storage in adipose tissue
D. The body is unable to convert glucose into glycogen under any circumstances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Hepatic and muscle glycogen capacity is finite (roughly 400–500 g total). When these stores are saturated, excess carbohydrate is
converted via de novo lipogenesis into triglycerides stored in adipose tissue.
Q7. A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has been following a very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet
for six weeks. Which laboratory finding is most consistent with the metabolic adaptation expected on this diet?
A. Presence of serum ketones and a mild decrease in blood glucose
B. Markedly elevated serum triglycerides from carbohydrate excess
C. Severe hypoglycemia requiring emergency intervention
D. Elevated blood glucose and elevated insulin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
On a ketogenic diet the body shifts to fat oxidation and produces ketone bodies as an alternative fuel. Blood glucose typically
stabilizes in the low-normal range; severe hypoglycemia is uncommon in non-diabetic individuals.
Q8. A client with chronic kidney disease is placed on a protein-restricted diet. The nurse explains the rationale for
limiting protein. Which statement is most accurate?
A. Restricting protein increases the glomerular filtration rate and improves kidney recovery
B. Protein restriction is used solely to lower blood pressure
C. Protein restriction prevents the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products that the kidneys can no longer
efficiently excrete
D. Protein has no effect on kidney function and the restriction is only for weight loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
In advanced CKD the kidneys cannot fully clear urea and other nitrogenous metabolites derived from protein catabolism. Moderate
protein restriction reduces the uremic burden while still meeting essential amino-acid needs.
STUVIAACTUALEXAM • Page 3
