NR 601: Health Promotion/Maintenance and Living Environments of Older Adults (100% CORRECT Q&A GUIDE ) 2021

Health Promotion/Maintenance and Living Environments of Older Adults ........5. What do you have to take into account when evaluating creatinine levels in the elder adult? Because creatinine is formed from muscle mass and muscle mass decreases with age, serum creatinine normally decreases with age; therefore, a serum creatinine level of ≤ 1.2 mg/dl could erroneously be perceived as WNL when in fact renal impairment exists; urine creatinine clearance is a better indicator of renal function in the elderly 6. How is metabolism of medications affected by age related changes? What is the significance? Decreased liver mass and hepatic blood flow (Slowed metabolism, increasing half-life) 7. How is excretion of medications affected by age related changes? What is the significance? Creatinine clearance reduced (Less efficiently excreted drugs, increasing half-life) 8. How is the pharmacodynamics of medications affected by age related changes? What is the significance? Variable receptor response (Increased response with some drugs (e.g., opiates and benzodiazepines) and decreased response with others (e.g., beta agonists and antagonists) 9. What are some functional changes and mobility issues that may threaten independence in the older adult? • decreased sensory acuity (vision, hearing, ↓proprioreception, etc). • dementia/AD • increased risks of falls 10. What are some factors that may contribute to alterations in nutrition in older adults? • multiple chronic illnesses • tooth or mouth problems that may interfere with their ability to eat • socially isolation • economic hardship • multiple medications that can cause changes in appetite or gastrointestinal symptoms • may need assistance with self-care 11. What are some examples of alterations in metabolism in older adults? • Changes in Vitamin D metab. may affect bone calcium. • Insulin resistance may increase. • alterations in thyroid function 12. What are some factors that may contribute to alterations in elimination in older adults? • Changes in blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) account for a majority of functional disability in the kidneys with age. With disease and some medications, blood flow and GFR can be further compromised. A decline in GFR becomes significant as people age because elimination of waste and toxins declines, causing an accumulation of harmful substances such as uric acid and medications in the body • Decreased drug clearance in the older population can occur due to the declines in liver size and blood flow as well as age-related changes in the kidneys, but this is highly variable among individuals 13. What are the signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers? Early: The skin becomes pale, then hyperemic and blanchable. Nonblanchable erythema is the result of plasma and erythrocytes leaking into the skin tissues. 14. What are the risks for pressure sores? • decreased sensory perceptions • exposure to moisture • decreased activity • decreased mobility • inadequate nutrition • increased friction or shear ...........CONTINUED*