NUSC 1165 Exam 2 2026/2027 – 50+ Questions & Answers | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Diabetes & Metabolism

This NUSC 1165 Exam 2 2026/2027 study guide contains 50+ exam questions and detailed answers covering essential nutrition concepts involving carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, energy metabolism, blood glucose regulation, diabetes, and cardiovascular health. The carbohydrate section examines energy production from nutrients, refined versus unrefined carbohydrates, monosaccharides, condensation and hydrolysis reactions, glucose, galactose, fructose, starch, fiber and glycogen. It also reviews the glycemic response and glycemic index, dietary fiber and gastrointestinal health, glucose as a metabolic fuel, glycogen storage, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism, and the roles of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose. A clinically important portion addresses diabetes and carbohydrate-related disorders. Students review diabetes as a disorder involving inadequate insulin production or reduced cellular responsiveness to insulin and compare type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. The notes connect chronic hyperglycemia with cardiovascular disease, vascular and nerve damage, blindness, kidney failure, and amputation. Lactose intolerance is also reviewed in relation to reduced lactase activity and impaired lactose digestion. The lipid section provides extensive coverage of triglycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, saturated and unsaturated fats, trans fats, omega-3 fatty acids, fat digestion, absorption, transport, and energy metabolism. Students review bile-mediated emulsification, chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL and HDL, beta-oxidation, acetyl-CoA, the citric acid cycle, fat storage during feeding, and mobilization during fasting. The material further connects dietary fats with cardiovascular risk by examining modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, plant sterols, LDL and HDL concentrations, and the effects of saturated, trans, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fats. The final section concentrates on protein and amino-acid nutrition. It covers dietary protein sources, differences between plant and animal sources, amino-acid structure, peptide bonds, essential and conditionally essential amino acids, limiting amino acids, protein complementation, the amino-acid pool, protein turnover, protein synthesis and protein denaturation. Students also review kwashiorkor and marasmus, physiological functions of proteins, and protein requirements associated with endurance and strength exercise. The subject matter corresponds with established nutrition science taught in introductory and health-science nutrition courses. An appropriate academic reference is Understanding Nutrition by Whitney and Rolfes, which covers carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, energy-yielding nutrients, diabetes, cardiovascular health and dietary recommendations. Cengage – Understanding Nutrition The uploaded document should nevertheless be treated as the primary source when studying its specific exam answers and terminology. Relevant students: This material is particularly relevant to NUSC 1165 students and learners taking Nutrition Science, Human Nutrition, Introductory Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, Nursing Nutrition, Dietetics, Health Sciences, or related courses. It is suitable for Exam 2 preparation, quizzes, nutrition review, and assessments testing the metabolism and physiological functions of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The source clearly identifies NUSC 1165 and 2026/2027, but it does not identify a university, so a university name should not be invented. Academic Reference: Whitney, E., & Rolfes, S. R. Understanding Nutrition. Cengage. This established nutrition text provides relevant academic background for carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, energy metabolism, diabetes and cardiovascular nutrition. Keywords: NUSC 1165, NUSC 1165 Exam 2, NUSC 1165 questions and answers, NUSC , nutrition exam 2, nutrition exam questions and answers, carbohydrates nutrition, carbohydrate metabolism, simple carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates, monosaccharides, glucose galactose fructose, glycemic index, dietary fiber, glycogen, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, blood glucose regulation, insulin and glucagon, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, lactose intolerance, lipid metabolism, triglycerides, fatty acids, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, trans fat, omega 3 fatty acids, cholesterol, bile fat digestion, chylomicrons, VLDL LDL HDL, cardiovascular disease nutrition, beta oxidation, protein nutrition, amino acids, essential amino acids, limiting amino acid, protein complementation, protein synthesis, protein denaturation, kwashiorkor, marasmus, nutrition metabolism study guide