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Nutrition HESI Practice Exam 1
Formatted: Centered
Formatted: Top: (Single solid line, Accent 6, 2.25 pt
Nursing and Dietetics | 75 Original Questions with Line width), Bottom: (Single solid line, Accent 6, 2.25 pt
Line width), Left: (Single solid line, Accent 6, 2.25 pt
Answers and Rationales Line width), Right: (Single solid line, Accent 6, 2.25 pt
Line width)
This is an original HESI-style practice exam, not a reproduction of actual or confidential exam questions.
It covers core areas commonly associated with nutrition nursing, including nutritional assessment,
therapeutic diets, enteral and parenteral nutrition, life-span nutrition, food safety, and health
promotion.[nursingtip][dokumen]
Questions 1–25: Fundamentals and Assessment
1. Which nutrient provides the body with its primary source of energy?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Vitamin
D. Mineral
Correct answer: B. Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrates are generally the body’s preferred and most readily
available source of energy. Proteins are primarily used for tissue building and
repair, while vitamins and minerals do not provide calories.
2. Which nutrient provides the greatest number of calories per gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Correct answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal per gram, whereas carbohydrates
and proteins provide approximately 4 kcal per gram. Water provides no calories.
3. A nurse is assessing a client for possible protein deficiency. Which finding is most concerning?
A. Increased urine output
B. Peripheral edema
,C. Warm, moist skin
D. Increased muscle strength
Correct answer: B. Peripheral edema
Rationale: Severe protein deficiency can reduce plasma protein levels, particularly
albumin. Reduced oncotic pressure allows fluid to move into the tissues, causing
edema.
4. Which assessment method provides the most accurate information about a client’s usual food
intake?
A. Asking what the client ate yesterday
B. Measuring the client’s height and weight
C. Reviewing a food diary kept for several days
D. Asking whether the client considers the diet healthy
Correct answer: C. Reviewing a food diary kept for several days
Rationale: A food diary recorded over multiple days provides more representative
information about eating patterns than a single 24-hour recall or subjective
opinion.
5. A client weighs 80 kg and is 1.6 m tall. What is the approximate body mass index?
A. 18
B. 25
C. 31
D. 40
Correct answer: C. 31
Rationale: BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters
squared: 80 \div 1.6^2 = 31.25. This falls within the obesity range.
6. Which finding may indicate vitamin C deficiency?
A. Bleeding gums
B. Night blindness
C. Bone deformity in children
D. Prolonged clotting time
Correct answer: A. Bleeding gums
, Rationale: Vitamin C is necessary for collagen formation and wound healing.
Deficiency can cause bleeding gums, easy bruising, poor wound healing, and
weakness.
7. Which food is the best source of complete protein?
A. White rice
B. Peanut butter
C. Eggs
D. Apples
Correct answer: C. Eggs
Rationale: Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids in adequate
amounts. Eggs, meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products are complete protein
sources.
8. Which vitamin is especially important for calcium absorption?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and supports bone
mineralization.
9. Which food should the nurse recommend to a client who needs more dietary iron?
A. Applesauce
B. Lean beef
C. White bread
D. Cucumbers
Correct answer: B. Lean beef
Rationale: Lean red meat is a rich source of heme iron, which is absorbed more
efficiently than nonheme iron found in plant foods.
Nutrition HESI Practice Exam 1
Formatted: Centered
Formatted: Top: (Single solid line, Accent 6, 2.25 pt
Nursing and Dietetics | 75 Original Questions with Line width), Bottom: (Single solid line, Accent 6, 2.25 pt
Line width), Left: (Single solid line, Accent 6, 2.25 pt
Answers and Rationales Line width), Right: (Single solid line, Accent 6, 2.25 pt
Line width)
This is an original HESI-style practice exam, not a reproduction of actual or confidential exam questions.
It covers core areas commonly associated with nutrition nursing, including nutritional assessment,
therapeutic diets, enteral and parenteral nutrition, life-span nutrition, food safety, and health
promotion.[nursingtip][dokumen]
Questions 1–25: Fundamentals and Assessment
1. Which nutrient provides the body with its primary source of energy?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Vitamin
D. Mineral
Correct answer: B. Carbohydrate
Rationale: Carbohydrates are generally the body’s preferred and most readily
available source of energy. Proteins are primarily used for tissue building and
repair, while vitamins and minerals do not provide calories.
2. Which nutrient provides the greatest number of calories per gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Correct answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal per gram, whereas carbohydrates
and proteins provide approximately 4 kcal per gram. Water provides no calories.
3. A nurse is assessing a client for possible protein deficiency. Which finding is most concerning?
A. Increased urine output
B. Peripheral edema
,C. Warm, moist skin
D. Increased muscle strength
Correct answer: B. Peripheral edema
Rationale: Severe protein deficiency can reduce plasma protein levels, particularly
albumin. Reduced oncotic pressure allows fluid to move into the tissues, causing
edema.
4. Which assessment method provides the most accurate information about a client’s usual food
intake?
A. Asking what the client ate yesterday
B. Measuring the client’s height and weight
C. Reviewing a food diary kept for several days
D. Asking whether the client considers the diet healthy
Correct answer: C. Reviewing a food diary kept for several days
Rationale: A food diary recorded over multiple days provides more representative
information about eating patterns than a single 24-hour recall or subjective
opinion.
5. A client weighs 80 kg and is 1.6 m tall. What is the approximate body mass index?
A. 18
B. 25
C. 31
D. 40
Correct answer: C. 31
Rationale: BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters
squared: 80 \div 1.6^2 = 31.25. This falls within the obesity range.
6. Which finding may indicate vitamin C deficiency?
A. Bleeding gums
B. Night blindness
C. Bone deformity in children
D. Prolonged clotting time
Correct answer: A. Bleeding gums
, Rationale: Vitamin C is necessary for collagen formation and wound healing.
Deficiency can cause bleeding gums, easy bruising, poor wound healing, and
weakness.
7. Which food is the best source of complete protein?
A. White rice
B. Peanut butter
C. Eggs
D. Apples
Correct answer: C. Eggs
Rationale: Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids in adequate
amounts. Eggs, meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products are complete protein
sources.
8. Which vitamin is especially important for calcium absorption?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Correct answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and supports bone
mineralization.
9. Which food should the nurse recommend to a client who needs more dietary iron?
A. Applesauce
B. Lean beef
C. White bread
D. Cucumbers
Correct answer: B. Lean beef
Rationale: Lean red meat is a rich source of heme iron, which is absorbed more
efficiently than nonheme iron found in plant foods.
