1|Page
NM 704 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||JUST
OUT!!!
What is the the impact of routine episiotomy on:
Risk of 3rd and 4th-degree lacerations
Long term pelvic floor functioning (urinary or anal incontinence,
the strength of pelvic floor)
Degree of genital tract trauma
Postpartum pain
Sexual function
Neonatal outcomes - ANSWER-no difference in neonatal
outcomes but increased risk in other areas
Indication for episiotomy - ANSWER-only in emergency
circumstances
used rarely
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Current evidence on outcomes for the birthing person and
newborn associated with birth in water. - ANSWER-comparable
to other birth methods
What are some strategies for long term labor? - ANSWER-
Strategies are individualized as there is no evidence on how 2nd
stage should be evaluated
methods to assist: Position changes can be quite effective
Other strategies include resting in the absence of a strong urge
to push, water immersion, and pushing on the toilet.
Digital pressure on the posterior vaginal wall, though not
appropriate to do routinely, can also sometimes be an effective
strategy to promote descent when needed.
When to evaluate progress and suggested adjustments depends
on many factors
What is the cardinal movement that allows the head to be
born? - ANSWER-Extension
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The active work of second stage increases the need for this, so
attend to this maternal self-care measure - ANSWER-Hydration
& Nutrition
What do you monitor during second stage, as it can interfere
with fetal descent? - ANSWER-Bladder and urination habits
because a full bladder can displace the uterus and make it
harder for the birthing person to push
A type of pushing that can result indecreased fetal oxygenation
- ANSWER-closed glottis or coached
The time when the largest diameter ofthe fetal head remains on
theperineum in between contractions - ANSWER-Crowning
What is the Second Stage—Traditional (but still widespread),
Biomedical, Anatomical Definition? - ANSWER-complete
dilatation of the cervix and ends with the birth of the baby•
Known as the stage of expulsion
, 4|Page
What is the Second Stage—Alternative, physiological
Definition? - ANSWER-Begins with onset of involuntary,
expulsive efforts (urge to push) and ends with the birth of the
baby• The stage of expulsion. The woman follows her body's
cues.
What is the evidence behind spontaneous urge to push? -
ANSWER-A diminished labor when reaching complete and
before having an urge to push (AKA latent second stage)
• Better maternal and neonatal outcomes with spontaneous vs.
directed pushing
An evidence-based technique for perineal management during
birth that decreases or minimizes genital tract trauma is: -
ANSWER-working with the woman to facilitate a gentle,
controlled birth of the baby.
Prenatal perineal massage in the final weeks of pregnancy has
been shown to reduce the risk of genital tract trauma in which
cohort of birthing women? - ANSWER-Nulliparous
NM 704 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||JUST
OUT!!!
What is the the impact of routine episiotomy on:
Risk of 3rd and 4th-degree lacerations
Long term pelvic floor functioning (urinary or anal incontinence,
the strength of pelvic floor)
Degree of genital tract trauma
Postpartum pain
Sexual function
Neonatal outcomes - ANSWER-no difference in neonatal
outcomes but increased risk in other areas
Indication for episiotomy - ANSWER-only in emergency
circumstances
used rarely
,2|Page
Current evidence on outcomes for the birthing person and
newborn associated with birth in water. - ANSWER-comparable
to other birth methods
What are some strategies for long term labor? - ANSWER-
Strategies are individualized as there is no evidence on how 2nd
stage should be evaluated
methods to assist: Position changes can be quite effective
Other strategies include resting in the absence of a strong urge
to push, water immersion, and pushing on the toilet.
Digital pressure on the posterior vaginal wall, though not
appropriate to do routinely, can also sometimes be an effective
strategy to promote descent when needed.
When to evaluate progress and suggested adjustments depends
on many factors
What is the cardinal movement that allows the head to be
born? - ANSWER-Extension
,3|Page
The active work of second stage increases the need for this, so
attend to this maternal self-care measure - ANSWER-Hydration
& Nutrition
What do you monitor during second stage, as it can interfere
with fetal descent? - ANSWER-Bladder and urination habits
because a full bladder can displace the uterus and make it
harder for the birthing person to push
A type of pushing that can result indecreased fetal oxygenation
- ANSWER-closed glottis or coached
The time when the largest diameter ofthe fetal head remains on
theperineum in between contractions - ANSWER-Crowning
What is the Second Stage—Traditional (but still widespread),
Biomedical, Anatomical Definition? - ANSWER-complete
dilatation of the cervix and ends with the birth of the baby•
Known as the stage of expulsion
, 4|Page
What is the Second Stage—Alternative, physiological
Definition? - ANSWER-Begins with onset of involuntary,
expulsive efforts (urge to push) and ends with the birth of the
baby• The stage of expulsion. The woman follows her body's
cues.
What is the evidence behind spontaneous urge to push? -
ANSWER-A diminished labor when reaching complete and
before having an urge to push (AKA latent second stage)
• Better maternal and neonatal outcomes with spontaneous vs.
directed pushing
An evidence-based technique for perineal management during
birth that decreases or minimizes genital tract trauma is: -
ANSWER-working with the woman to facilitate a gentle,
controlled birth of the baby.
Prenatal perineal massage in the final weeks of pregnancy has
been shown to reduce the risk of genital tract trauma in which
cohort of birthing women? - ANSWER-Nulliparous
