,CNN Nephrology Nurse Exam 2026 | Comprehensive Test Bank |
Questions And Answers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Concepts of Kidney Disease Across the Lifespan — Q1–Q60
2. Acute Inpatient Therapies — Q61–Q110
3. Peritoneal Dialysis — Q111–Q150
4. Home Hemodialysis — Q151–Q180
5. Transplant — Q181–Q200
1. CONCEPTS OF KIDNEY DISEASE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN
Q1. Which renal process is primarily responsible for removing small
solutes from the blood into the nephron?
A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular secretion
C) Tubular reabsorption
D) Concentration of urine
Correct Answer: A) Glomerular filtration
Rationale: Glomerular filtration moves water and small dissolved
substances from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space.
Q2. Which kidney function is primarily responsible for reclaiming
filtered glucose and amino acids?
A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Tubular secretion
D) Renal elimination
Correct Answer: B) Tubular reabsorption
Rationale: Tubular reabsorption returns useful filtered substances from the
renal tubule to the bloodstream.
Q3. Which nephron segment normally reabsorbs the greatest
proportion of filtered sodium and water?
,A) Collecting duct
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Proximal convoluted tubule
D) Loop of Henle
Correct Answer: C) Proximal convoluted tubule
Rationale: The proximal tubule performs the largest amount of bulk
reabsorption in the nephron.
Q4. Which hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood
cell production?
A) Renin
B) Aldosterone
C) Calcitonin
D) Erythropoietin
Correct Answer: D) Erythropoietin
Rationale: Erythropoietin stimulates bone marrow erythropoiesis in
response to reduced tissue oxygen availability.
Q5. Which kidney-derived substance plays a major role in blood-
pressure regulation by initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system?
A) Renin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Calcitriol
D) Insulin
Correct Answer: A) Renin
Rationale: Renin initiates the cascade that produces angiotensin II and
aldosterone, increasing vascular tone and sodium retention.
Q6. Which renal function is impaired when the kidneys cannot
adequately excrete hydrogen ions?
A) Hemoglobin synthesis
B) Acid-base regulation
C) Glucose absorption
D) Protein synthesis
Correct Answer: B) Acid-base regulation
, Rationale: The kidneys maintain acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen
ions and generating or conserving bicarbonate.
Q7. A patient has a serum creatinine that rises significantly over
several days. Which condition should be suspected?
A) Chronic anemia
B) Stable CKD
C) Acute kidney injury
D) Nephrotic syndrome only
Correct Answer: C) Acute kidney injury
Rationale: A rapid increase in serum creatinine suggests an acute decline in
kidney function.
Q8. Which change is most characteristic of chronic kidney disease
progression?
A) Persistent decline in kidney function over time
B) Temporary increase in urine output
C) Immediate normalization of GFR
D) Reversible dehydration only
Correct Answer: A) Persistent decline in kidney function over time
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease involves persistent structural or
functional kidney abnormalities with potential progression.
Q9. Which factor is a major cause of CKD in adults?
A) Hypertension and diabetes
B) Seasonal allergies
C) Mild anemia
D) Acute appendicitis
Correct Answer: A) Hypertension and diabetes
Rationale: Diabetes and hypertension are major causes of chronic kidney
disease.
Q10. Which complication becomes more likely as kidney function
progressively declines?
A) Improved phosphorus excretion
B) Hyperkalemia
Questions And Answers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Concepts of Kidney Disease Across the Lifespan — Q1–Q60
2. Acute Inpatient Therapies — Q61–Q110
3. Peritoneal Dialysis — Q111–Q150
4. Home Hemodialysis — Q151–Q180
5. Transplant — Q181–Q200
1. CONCEPTS OF KIDNEY DISEASE ACROSS THE LIFESPAN
Q1. Which renal process is primarily responsible for removing small
solutes from the blood into the nephron?
A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular secretion
C) Tubular reabsorption
D) Concentration of urine
Correct Answer: A) Glomerular filtration
Rationale: Glomerular filtration moves water and small dissolved
substances from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space.
Q2. Which kidney function is primarily responsible for reclaiming
filtered glucose and amino acids?
A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Tubular secretion
D) Renal elimination
Correct Answer: B) Tubular reabsorption
Rationale: Tubular reabsorption returns useful filtered substances from the
renal tubule to the bloodstream.
Q3. Which nephron segment normally reabsorbs the greatest
proportion of filtered sodium and water?
,A) Collecting duct
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Proximal convoluted tubule
D) Loop of Henle
Correct Answer: C) Proximal convoluted tubule
Rationale: The proximal tubule performs the largest amount of bulk
reabsorption in the nephron.
Q4. Which hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood
cell production?
A) Renin
B) Aldosterone
C) Calcitonin
D) Erythropoietin
Correct Answer: D) Erythropoietin
Rationale: Erythropoietin stimulates bone marrow erythropoiesis in
response to reduced tissue oxygen availability.
Q5. Which kidney-derived substance plays a major role in blood-
pressure regulation by initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system?
A) Renin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Calcitriol
D) Insulin
Correct Answer: A) Renin
Rationale: Renin initiates the cascade that produces angiotensin II and
aldosterone, increasing vascular tone and sodium retention.
Q6. Which renal function is impaired when the kidneys cannot
adequately excrete hydrogen ions?
A) Hemoglobin synthesis
B) Acid-base regulation
C) Glucose absorption
D) Protein synthesis
Correct Answer: B) Acid-base regulation
, Rationale: The kidneys maintain acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen
ions and generating or conserving bicarbonate.
Q7. A patient has a serum creatinine that rises significantly over
several days. Which condition should be suspected?
A) Chronic anemia
B) Stable CKD
C) Acute kidney injury
D) Nephrotic syndrome only
Correct Answer: C) Acute kidney injury
Rationale: A rapid increase in serum creatinine suggests an acute decline in
kidney function.
Q8. Which change is most characteristic of chronic kidney disease
progression?
A) Persistent decline in kidney function over time
B) Temporary increase in urine output
C) Immediate normalization of GFR
D) Reversible dehydration only
Correct Answer: A) Persistent decline in kidney function over time
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease involves persistent structural or
functional kidney abnormalities with potential progression.
Q9. Which factor is a major cause of CKD in adults?
A) Hypertension and diabetes
B) Seasonal allergies
C) Mild anemia
D) Acute appendicitis
Correct Answer: A) Hypertension and diabetes
Rationale: Diabetes and hypertension are major causes of chronic kidney
disease.
Q10. Which complication becomes more likely as kidney function
progressively declines?
A) Improved phosphorus excretion
B) Hyperkalemia
