, Guyton & Hall Physiology Review
Second Edition
John E. Hall, PhD
Arthur C. Guyton,
Professor and Chair , Associate Vice Chancellor for Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
Saunders
, John E. Hall, PhD, Jackson, Mississippi
Table of Contents
Unit 1: The cell and general physiology
Unit 2: Membrane physiology, nerve, and muscle
Unit 3: The heart
Unit 4: The circulation
Unit 5: The body fluids and kidneys
Unit 6: Blood cells, immunity, and blood coagulation
Unit 7: Respiration
Unit 8: Aviation, space, and deep-sea diving physiology
Unit 9: The nervous system: a. general principles and sensory physiology
Unit 10: The nervous system: b. the special senses
Unit 11: The nervous system: c. motor and integrative neurophysiology
Unit 12: Gastrointestinal physiology
Unit 13: Metabolism and temperature regulation
Unit 14: Endocrinology and reproduction
Unit 15: Sports physiology
UNIT I
The cell and general physiology
1. The term “glycocalyx” refers to
A) the negatively charged carbohydrate chains that protrude into the cytosol from glycolipids
and integral glycoproteins
B) the negatively charged carbohydrate layer on the outer cell surface
C) the layer of anions aligned on the cytosolic surface of the plasma membrane
D) the large glycogen stores found in “fast” muscles
E) a mechanism of cell–cell attachment
2. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
A) carries the genetic code to the cytoplasm
B) carries activated amino acids to the ribosomes
, C) is single-stranded RNA molecules of 21 to 23 nucleotides that can regulate gene
transcription
D) forms ribosomes
3. Which of the following statements is true for both pinocytosis and phagocytosis?
A) Involves the recruitment of actin filaments
B) Occurs spontaneously and non-selectively
C) Endocytotic vesicles fuse with ribosomes that release hydrolases into the vesicles D) Is
only observed in macrophages and neutrophils
E) Does not require ATP
4. In comparing two types of cells from the same person, the variation in the proteins expressed by
each cell type reflects
A) differences in the DNA contained in the nucleus of each cell
B) differences in the numbers of specific genes in their genomes
C) cell-specific expression and repression of specific genes
D) differences in the number of chromosomes in each cell
E) the age of the cells
5. Micro RNAs (miRNAs)
A) are formed in the cytoplasm and repress translation or promote degradation of mRNA
before it can be translated
B) are formed in the nucleus and then processed in the cytoplasma by the dicer enzyme
C) are short (21 to 23 nucleotides) double-stranded RNA fragments that regulate gene
expression D) repress gene transcription Questions 6–8
A) Nucleolus
B) Nucleus
C) Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
D) Granular endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi apparatus
F) Endosomes
G) Peroxisomes
H) Lysosomes
I) Cytosol
J) Cytoskeleton
K) Glycocalyx
Second Edition
John E. Hall, PhD
Arthur C. Guyton,
Professor and Chair , Associate Vice Chancellor for Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
Saunders
, John E. Hall, PhD, Jackson, Mississippi
Table of Contents
Unit 1: The cell and general physiology
Unit 2: Membrane physiology, nerve, and muscle
Unit 3: The heart
Unit 4: The circulation
Unit 5: The body fluids and kidneys
Unit 6: Blood cells, immunity, and blood coagulation
Unit 7: Respiration
Unit 8: Aviation, space, and deep-sea diving physiology
Unit 9: The nervous system: a. general principles and sensory physiology
Unit 10: The nervous system: b. the special senses
Unit 11: The nervous system: c. motor and integrative neurophysiology
Unit 12: Gastrointestinal physiology
Unit 13: Metabolism and temperature regulation
Unit 14: Endocrinology and reproduction
Unit 15: Sports physiology
UNIT I
The cell and general physiology
1. The term “glycocalyx” refers to
A) the negatively charged carbohydrate chains that protrude into the cytosol from glycolipids
and integral glycoproteins
B) the negatively charged carbohydrate layer on the outer cell surface
C) the layer of anions aligned on the cytosolic surface of the plasma membrane
D) the large glycogen stores found in “fast” muscles
E) a mechanism of cell–cell attachment
2. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
A) carries the genetic code to the cytoplasm
B) carries activated amino acids to the ribosomes
, C) is single-stranded RNA molecules of 21 to 23 nucleotides that can regulate gene
transcription
D) forms ribosomes
3. Which of the following statements is true for both pinocytosis and phagocytosis?
A) Involves the recruitment of actin filaments
B) Occurs spontaneously and non-selectively
C) Endocytotic vesicles fuse with ribosomes that release hydrolases into the vesicles D) Is
only observed in macrophages and neutrophils
E) Does not require ATP
4. In comparing two types of cells from the same person, the variation in the proteins expressed by
each cell type reflects
A) differences in the DNA contained in the nucleus of each cell
B) differences in the numbers of specific genes in their genomes
C) cell-specific expression and repression of specific genes
D) differences in the number of chromosomes in each cell
E) the age of the cells
5. Micro RNAs (miRNAs)
A) are formed in the cytoplasm and repress translation or promote degradation of mRNA
before it can be translated
B) are formed in the nucleus and then processed in the cytoplasma by the dicer enzyme
C) are short (21 to 23 nucleotides) double-stranded RNA fragments that regulate gene
expression D) repress gene transcription Questions 6–8
A) Nucleolus
B) Nucleus
C) Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
D) Granular endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi apparatus
F) Endosomes
G) Peroxisomes
H) Lysosomes
I) Cytosol
J) Cytoskeleton
K) Glycocalyx
