MBIO 3401 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

MBIO 3401 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. What is a microbe? How small does an organism have to be to be considered a microbe?
Answer:
A microbe is a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen. Microbe diameter must be less than
0.15 mm.

Question:
2. True or false: Some microbes can consist of a single cell.
Answer:
True.

Question:
3. A _____ is the total genetic information contained in an organism's chromosomal DNA.
Answer:
Genome.

Question:
4. What developed the first method of DNA sequencing fast enough to sequence large genomes?
Answer:
Fred Sanger.

Question:
5. What is a collection of sequences taken directly from the environment called?
Answer:
A metagenome.

Question:
6. Ture or false: Each microbe has the capacity to reproduce its own kind.
Answer:
True.

Question:
7. What is a cell community?
Answer:
Many of the same kind of cell.

Question:
8. Should plant and animal cells be considered microbes?
Answer:
No. Plant and animal cells cannot reproduce their own kind indefinitely. Additionally, animal cells are
differentiated and do not exist as independently or as communities.

,Question:
9. What types of organisms are considered microbes?
Answer:
Bacteria, Archaea, Algae, Fungi, protists, and Viruses.

Question:
10. What 14th century disease was caused by microbes?
Answer:
bubonic plague.

Question:
11. What is Florence Nightingale famous for?
Answer:
Florence Nightingale was the first to recognize the significance of disease in warfare. She founded the
science of medical statistics and devised the polar area chart to show that the deaths of soldiers was due to
various causes.

Question:
12. What is Robert Hooke famous for?
Answer:
Built the first compound microscope. Coined the term "cell". Published the first manuscript that illustrated
objects under the microscope.

Question:
13. What is Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek famous for?
Answer:
First to observe single-cell microbes moving around. He observed samples from his mouth under the
microscope, saw them moving around and called them small animals. He built the first primitive
microscope with the intention to observe fine fabrics (he was a cloth draper).

Question:
14. Who discovered the microbial basis of fermentation? How did this person do this?
Answer:
Louis Pasteur. He built a swan-neck flask and showed that after boiling, the contents remain free of
microbial growth despite access to air.

Question:
15. What scientists disproved the theory of spontaneous generation of microbes?
Answer:
Francesco Redi: showed that maggots in decaying meat were the offspring of flies.
Lazzaro Spallanzani: showed that a sealed flask of meat broth sterilized by boiling failed to grow
microbes.
Louis Pasteur: showed that after boiling, the contents in the swan neck flask remain free of microbial
growth.

Question:
16. Who is considered the Founding Father of Microbiology?

, Answer:
Louis Pasteur.

Question:
17. What is the Germ Theory of Disease?
Answer:
That many diseases are caused by microbes (most infectious diseases).

Question:
18. Who is the founder of the scientific method of microbiology?
Answer:
Robert Koch.

Question:
19. What is the purpose of Koch's Postulates?
Answer:
Koch's Postulates are a series of criteria (scientific method) for whether a specific microbe is responsible
for a specific disease.

Question:
20. List Koch's Postulates in order for defining the causative agent of a disease.
Answer:
1. The microbe is found in call cases of the disease, but is absent from health individuals.
2. The microbe is isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture.
3. When the microbe is introduced into a healthy host, the same disease occurs.
4. The same strain of microbe is obtained from the newly diseased host.

Question:
21. Who was the first scientist to develop the first vaccine based on attenuated strains? What two
vaccinations did he develop?
Answer:
Louis Pasteur. He developed Fowl Cholera vaccination and Rabies vaccination.

Question:
22. Define immunization
Answer:
The stimulation of an immune response by deliberate inoculation with an attenuated pathogen.

Question:
23. Who discovered that Penicillium mold generated a substance that kills bacteria?
Answer:
Alexander Fleming.

Question:
24. Who purified penicillin and made it the first commercial antibiotic to save human lives?
Answer:
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain.