Psychology 101 Final Exam with
Complete Solutions 2026-2027 Updated.
Variables - Answer the events, characteristics, behaviors, or conditions that researchers
measure and study.
subject or participant - Answer an individual person or animal a researcher studies.
Sample - Answer a collection of subjects researchers study. Researchers use samples because
they cannot study the entire population.
Population - Answer the collection of people or animals from which researchers draw a
sample. Researchers study the sample and generalize their results to the population.
The Purpose of Research - Answer -To find ways to measure and describe behavior
-To understand why, when, and how events occur
-To apply this knowledge to solving real-world problems
The scientific method - Answer a standardized way of making observations, gathering data,
forming theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results.
A theory - Answer an explanation that organizes separate pieces of information in a coherent
way.
replicable - Answer when others can repeat an experiment and get the same results.
hypothesis - Answer a testable prediction of what will happen given a certain set of
conditions.
naturalistic observation - Answer researchers collect information about subjects by observing
them unobtrusively, without interfering with them in any way.
case study - Answer The researcher collects data about the subject through interviews, direct
observation, psychological testing, or examination of documents and records about the subject.
survey - Answer a way of getting information about a specific type of behavior, experience, or
event. When using this method, researchers give people questionnaires or interview them to
obtain information.
, experiment - Answer a researcher manipulates or changes a particular variable under
controlled conditions while observing resulting changes in another variable or variables.
Occam's razor - Answer maintains that researchers should apply the simplest explanation
possible to any set of observations.
correlation - Answer measurement of the strength of the relationship between two variables
reliability - Answer if a test produces the same result when researchers administer it to the
same group of people at different times, it has reliability.
Validity - Answer A test is valid if it actually measures the quality it claims to measure.
Bias - Answer the distortion of results by a variable. Common types of bias include sampling
bias, subject bias, and experimenter bias.
Sensation - Answer the process by which physical energy from objects in the world or in the
body stimulates the sense organs
perception - Answer The brain interprets and organizes this sensory information in a process
called perception
absolute threshold - Answer the minimum amount of stimulation required for a person to
detect the stimulus 50 percent of the time.
difference threshold - Answer the smallest difference in stimulation that can be detected 50
percent of the time. sometimes called the just noticeable difference (jnd).
Weber's Law - Answer a principle demonstrating the fact that we can't detect the difference
between two stimuli unless they differ by a certain proportion and that this proportion is
constant.
Sensory Adaptation - Answer the decrease in sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
Rods - Answer The long, narrow cells, called rods, are highly sensitive to light and allow vision
even in dim conditions
Complete Solutions 2026-2027 Updated.
Variables - Answer the events, characteristics, behaviors, or conditions that researchers
measure and study.
subject or participant - Answer an individual person or animal a researcher studies.
Sample - Answer a collection of subjects researchers study. Researchers use samples because
they cannot study the entire population.
Population - Answer the collection of people or animals from which researchers draw a
sample. Researchers study the sample and generalize their results to the population.
The Purpose of Research - Answer -To find ways to measure and describe behavior
-To understand why, when, and how events occur
-To apply this knowledge to solving real-world problems
The scientific method - Answer a standardized way of making observations, gathering data,
forming theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results.
A theory - Answer an explanation that organizes separate pieces of information in a coherent
way.
replicable - Answer when others can repeat an experiment and get the same results.
hypothesis - Answer a testable prediction of what will happen given a certain set of
conditions.
naturalistic observation - Answer researchers collect information about subjects by observing
them unobtrusively, without interfering with them in any way.
case study - Answer The researcher collects data about the subject through interviews, direct
observation, psychological testing, or examination of documents and records about the subject.
survey - Answer a way of getting information about a specific type of behavior, experience, or
event. When using this method, researchers give people questionnaires or interview them to
obtain information.
, experiment - Answer a researcher manipulates or changes a particular variable under
controlled conditions while observing resulting changes in another variable or variables.
Occam's razor - Answer maintains that researchers should apply the simplest explanation
possible to any set of observations.
correlation - Answer measurement of the strength of the relationship between two variables
reliability - Answer if a test produces the same result when researchers administer it to the
same group of people at different times, it has reliability.
Validity - Answer A test is valid if it actually measures the quality it claims to measure.
Bias - Answer the distortion of results by a variable. Common types of bias include sampling
bias, subject bias, and experimenter bias.
Sensation - Answer the process by which physical energy from objects in the world or in the
body stimulates the sense organs
perception - Answer The brain interprets and organizes this sensory information in a process
called perception
absolute threshold - Answer the minimum amount of stimulation required for a person to
detect the stimulus 50 percent of the time.
difference threshold - Answer the smallest difference in stimulation that can be detected 50
percent of the time. sometimes called the just noticeable difference (jnd).
Weber's Law - Answer a principle demonstrating the fact that we can't detect the difference
between two stimuli unless they differ by a certain proportion and that this proportion is
constant.
Sensory Adaptation - Answer the decrease in sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
Rods - Answer The long, narrow cells, called rods, are highly sensitive to light and allow vision
even in dim conditions
